BIO 145 Ch 14: Digestive System Introduction and Major Organs

Front

What is the splenic (left colic) flexure?

Back

The splenic (left colic) flexure is the bend in the colon located between the transverse colon and the descending colon.

Front

What organ secretes bile that emulsifies fats, and where does this process first occur?

Back

The liver secretes bile that emulsifies fats, and this emulsification first occurs in the duodenum.

Front

What is the function of the gastroesophageal (cardiac) sphincter?

Back

The gastroesophageal (cardiac) sphincter controls the passage of food into the stomach from the esophagus.

Front

What is peristalsis?

Back

Peristalsis is the muscular squeezing that moves a bolus of food in one direction through the digestive tract.

Front

Define bolus in the context of digestion.

Back

Bolus refers to a mass of food that has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed.

Front

What is chyme?

Back

Chyme is a semi-fluid mass of partially digested food that is formed in the stomach and passed into the small intestine.

Front

What is the role of the liver in digestion?

Back

The liver produces bile, which is essential for the emulsification and digestion of fats.

Front

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Back

The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver until it is needed for digestion.

Front

What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?

Back

The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate, which help in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the small intestine.

Front

What is the definition of a sphincter?

Back

A sphincter is a circular muscle that constricts or dilates to control the passage of materials in the digestive tract.