Plants

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Unicellular Adjective

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[yoo-ni-sel-yuh-ler]

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Unicellular

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An organism consisting of a single cell that carries out all of life's essential functions.

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Example: This image shows three different types of unicellular organisms, which are living things made of only one cell, like the plant-like Euglena.

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Multicellular Adjective

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[muhl-tee-sel-yuh-ler]

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Multicellular

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An organism composed of many cells, which are often specialized to perform different functions within the organism.

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Example: This image shows a single-celled organism (Euglena), which is unicellular. A multicellular organism, like a plant, is made of many different cells working together.

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Organelle Noun

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[or-guh-nel]

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Organelle

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A specialized structure found inside a eukaryotic cell that performs a specific, essential function for the cell's survival.

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Example: This diagram shows the nucleus, a key example of an organelle, which is a specialized structure inside a cell that performs a specific job.

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Nucleus Noun

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[noo-klee-uhs]

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Nucleus

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The organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material and directs all cell activities as the control center.

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Example: This diagram shows the main parts of a cell's nucleus, including the nuclear envelope, chromatin (genetic material), and the central nucleolus.

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Cell membrane Noun

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[sel mem-breyn]

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Cell membrane

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The semipermeable boundary of a cell that controls which substances can enter or leave, protecting the cell's internal environment.

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Example: This diagram shows the cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer, with water-loving (hydrophilic) heads facing out and water-fearing (hydrophobic) tails facing in.

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Cell wall Noun

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[sel wawl]

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Cell wall

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A rigid layer lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungi, and bacteria cells, providing structural support and protection.

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Example: This diagram of a plant cell uses a label to point out the cell wall, the rigid outer layer that provides structure and protection.

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Chloroplasts Noun

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[klor-uh-plasts]

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Chloroplasts

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Organelles found in plant and algae cells that are the site of photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.

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Example: This diagram shows that chloroplasts are organelles inside plant leaves, and it labels their key parts like the thylakoid, stroma, and membranes.

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Mitochondria Noun

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[my-tuh-kon-dree-uh]

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Mitochondria

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Organelles that generate most of the cell's supply of chemical energy in the form of ATP for biochemical reactions.

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Example: This diagram shows a cross-section of a mitochondrion, the powerhouse of the cell, labeling its key structures like the folded inner membrane (cristae).

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Photosynthesis Noun

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[foh-toh-sin-thuh-sis]

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Photosynthesis

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The process used by plants to convert light energy into chemical energy, creating glucose from carbon dioxide and water.

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Example: A plant uses energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide from the air, and water from the soil to create its own food (glucose) and release oxygen.

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Tissue Noun

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[tish-oo]

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Tissue

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A group of similar cells from the same origin that work together to carry out a specific, specialized function.

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Example: This image shows three types of animal muscle tissue (cardiac, smooth, and skeletal) and where they are found in the human body.