Industrial Revolution Key Concepts

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Enclosure Movement

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Laws in England allowing landowners to fence off land and close off common land, taking land away from peasants. This madeit necessary to move to cities.

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Entrepreneurs

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People with the ideas to start or improve a business.

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Capital

Back

Money to invest in business. (Using your money to make more money)

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Domestic System

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Assembling a product through work done in people’s homes rather than in a factory.

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James Watt

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Inventor of the steam engine, enabling factories to be located away from water.

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Robert Fulton

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American inventor of the steam boat, allowing goods to be transported upstream.

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Tenements

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Apartment buildings near factories, often lacking basic amenities.

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Factory Act of 1833

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Set the minimum age for employment at 9 years in Great Britain. Workers aged 9-13 could only work 9 hours a day.

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Socialism

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An economic system where society owns and controls some means of production. Replaces competition with cooperation.

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Congress of Vienna

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Meeting of European rulers to restore monarchies and reorganize nations after Napoleon. A victory for Conservatism as it re-established monarchies.