Logical Fallacies

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Logical Fallacies

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Logical fallacies are errors in reasoning that undermine the logic of an argument.

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False Dichotomy

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False Dichotomy is a fallacy that limits choices to only two options, even though more may exist. Also called the "either-or fallacy" or "false dilemma".

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Circular Argument

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Circular Argument occurs when the conclusion is supported by the premises, creating a loop where X is true because of X.

The proposition is supported by the premises, which are supported by the proposition, creating a circle in reasoning.

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Non Sequitur

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Non Sequitur is a fallacy where a conclusion that does not follow the statements that lead to it.

Latin for "it does not follow"

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Ad Hominem

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Ad Hominem is a fallacy that attacks the person making the argument rather than the argument itself.

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Tu Quoque

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Means "you too"

An appeal to hypocrisy, which attempts to discredit an argument by pointing out the opponent's argument.

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Ad Populum

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Ad Populum, or appeal to common belief, occurs when the claim is presented as true because most or many people believe it.

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False Equivalence

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False Equivalence is a fallacy where two completely opposing things are made to appear logically equivalent, even though they are not.

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Hasty Generalization

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Drawing a conclusion based on a small sample size, rather than looking at statistics that are more in line with the typical or average situation.

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Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc

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A conclusion that assumes that if "B" occurred after "A" than A must have caused B.