High density lipoprotein (HDL)

Prevent or reverse deposits of fat and cholesterol in the artery

Low density lipoprotein (LDL)

Deposit fat and cholesterol in the walls of the artery

When oxygen binds to haemoglobin

The lower thicker walled chambers

Valve that prevents back flow from the right ventricle to the right atria

Valve that prevents back flow from the left ventricle to the left atria

Veins that bring blood back from the tissues to the right atrium

Takes deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

Pulmonary arterial valve

Prevents back flow of blood back into the heart after leaving the right ventricle

Return blood to the left atrium from the lungs

Takes blood from the left ventricle around the body

Aortic semi-lunar valve

Prevents back flow of blood back into the heart after leaving the left ventricle

Co-ordinates rhythm of the heart and ensures atria contract simultaneously

Atrial-ventricular node

Passes the current to the ventricles, but delays the current for 0.1 seconds to allow ventricles to fill

Transmits the signal from the AV node to the Purkyne fibres

Carry the current down the middle of the ventricles to the bottom of the heart

Contraction phase when the muscles of ventricles contract

Relaxation phase where the muscles of ventricles relax, atria contract, bicuspid and tricuspid valves open

Carry blood away from the heart They carry oxygen-rich blood (except pulmonary artery)

Gas exchange occurs here. One cell thick, supply the tissues with oxygen and nutrients whilst removing waste products

Carry deoxygenated blood except pulmonary vein, take blood towards the heart

Increases osmotic potential of the blood Lowers water potential of the blood to draw fluid back into the capillaries from the tissue

High blood pressure 140/90mmHg+

Hypertension – risk factors

Age Race Family History Being overweight/obese Physically inactive Smoking High salt diet High fat diet High alcohol intake Drug abuse Stress

Hypertension – impact

Increased risk of CHD and heart attack Increased risk of stroke Damage/burst blood vessel Increased risk of kidney disease Aneurysm (weak or expanded/bulging part of an artery ) Retinopathy (Damage to the retina in the eye)

Hypertension – treatment

Changes in diet (reduced fat, reduced salt) Changes in exercise routine (regular exercise) Changes in social activities (reduced smoking, reduced alcohol) Changes in lifestyle routine (reduce stress, change job)

Coronary Heart Disease

Damage to the inner layer of arteries, which build up atheroma's to restrict blood flow

Coronary Heart Disease - Consequences

Angina Heart attack/myocardial infarction Cardiac arrest

Coronary Heart Disease - Causes

Fatty deposits in artery wall Cholesterol deposits Atheromas Inflammation in artery Plaques developing Atherosclerosis Blood clots

Coronary Heart Disease – Risk factors

Age Genetics Smoking High cholesterol diet High fat diet High blood pressure Diabetes Obesity Stress Lack of exercise High salt diet Excessive alcohol Drug abuse

Coronary Heart Disease - Symptoms

Breathlessness Nausea Chest pain Tightness in chest Pain spreading to arms, neck and/or jaw Sweating Dizziness Headache Irregular heartbeat Loss of consciousness

Coronary Heart Disease – Medical Treatment

Statins/Aspirin (Lower LDL's) Angina Pump (Spray used to relax blood vessels) Thrombolysis (Dissolve blot clots) Anticoagulants Bypass Angioplasty/stent Beta blockers/ACE inhibitors (slow HR/Inhibit narrowing of arteries)

Cardiovascular System (Health and Social Care) Flashcards

Student preview

43 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Erythrocytes/RBC's

Back

Transports oxygen to body/tissues

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Plasma

Back

Liquid part of the blood used to transport other components

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Leucocytes

Back

White blood cells

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Glucose

Back

Nutrient needed for energy

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Amino acids

Back

Nutrient needed to make proteins

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Neutrophils

Back

Cells that destroy bacteria to prevent infection

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Lymphocytes

Back

T-type cells that destroy viruses and cancer cells

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