United States History Exam Review – Section 1

Front

What is Social Darwinism in relation to the Industrial Revolution and Big Business in the late 1800s?

Back

An economic and social philosophy holding that unrestrained competition ensures the survival of the fittest and that government aid or regulation interferes with natural evolutionary processes.

Front

What is a monopoly, and who benefits or is hurt by it?

Back

One company controls most or all of a product or service; owners benefit by charging high prices, while consumers and small businesses are hurt.

Front

What is nativism?

Back

The belief that native-born inhabitants are superior to immigrants, leading to prejudice and a desire to limit immigration.

Front

What is Laissez Faire Economics?

Back

An economic doctrine that opposes governmental regulation of the economy, holding that the market should operate freely and that the government should not interfere with business practices.

Front

Who was Alice Paul and what did she fight for?

Back

A leading American suffragist and women's rights activist who fought for women's suffrage, led the National Woman's Party, and helped pass the 19th Amendment.

Front

Who wrote The Jungle and why did he write it?

Back

Upton Sinclair; to expose poor working conditions in the meatpacking industry

Front

What was the purpose of programs like the YMCA and Salvation Army during industrialization?

Back

To help the urban poor and address social problems

Front

What was the name of President Theodore Roosevelt’s reforms for conservation, corporations, and consumer protection?

Back

The Square Deal

Front

What did the 16th Amendment (1913) do, and who did it help?

Back

A federal income tax; benefited the government by providing reliable revenue

Front

What did the 17th Amendment (1913) do, and how did it help the public?

Back

Direct election of U.S. Senators by the people; made the Senate more accountable to the public