Georgia Biology EOC Review

Front

What process is primarily responsible for genetic variation in offspring?

Back

Meiosis is the process that leads to genetic variation through the formation of gametes, which have half the number of chromosomes and different combinations of alleles.

Front

What are the proteins on the surface of red blood cells called?

Back

Antigens are proteins on the surface of red blood cells that determine blood type and can trigger immune responses.

Front

In pea plants, if the tall allele is dominant, how is it represented?

Back

Tall is represented as 'T' and short as 't', indicating that 'T' is the dominant allele.

Front

What is the probability of offspring having short tusks when a heterozygous long-tusked elephant is crossed with a homozygous recessive short-tusked elephant?

Back

The probability is 50%, as the offspring can inherit either the dominant or recessive allele.

Front

If a rabbit has brown fur, what can be concluded about its genotype?

Back

The rabbit must have the genotype 'bb', as brown fur is recessive.

Front

Define meiosis.

Back

Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four genetically diverse gametes.

Front

What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes?

Back

Homozygous genotypes have two identical alleles for a trait, while heterozygous genotypes have two different alleles.

Front

What is an allele?

Back

An allele is a variant form of a gene that can produce different traits.

Front

Explain the concept of dominance in genetics.

Back

Dominance refers to the relationship between alleles, where one allele masks the expression of another in a heterozygous genotype.

Front

What is a Punnett square used for?

Back

A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the genetic outcomes of a cross between two organisms.