AutoImmune Neurology

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Postinfectious N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is most associated with which of the following viral infections? Cytomegalovirus, Herpes Simplex virus, Human Herpesvirus 6, Varicella Zoster virus, West Nile virus

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Herpes Simplex virus

Front

What antibody is most likely present in a case of autoimmune encephalitis in a 63 year-old man with symptoms of agitation, hallucinations, delusions, insomnia, hyperhidrosis, leg pain, and orthostatic leg myoclonus? Options: a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptor, contacting-associated protein like 2 (CASPR2), dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein (DPPX), Ig-like cell adhesion molecule 5 (IgLON5), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)

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contacting-associated protein like 2 (CASPR2)

Front

Which of the following systemic disorders can be the sole manifestation of paraneoplastic neurological autoimmunity? Barret Esophagus, Bronchospasm, Bundle Branch Block, GastroIntestinal PseudoObstruction, Neprholithiasis

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GastroIntestinal PseudoObstruction

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A 35 year old woman presents with nausea, vomiting, and intractable hiccups. MRI shows T2 hyperintensity and gadolinium contrast enhancement in the dorsal surface of the medulla at the caudal end of the fourth ventricle. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Options: acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, multiple sclerosis, aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), Diffuse myelinoclastic sclerosis, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD)

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aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD)

Front

Which brain MRI abnormalities are more specific for multiple sclerosis?

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Front

Which of the following radiologic features is more suggestive of multiple sclerosis myelitis than aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody-positive neuromyelitis optic spectrum disorder (NMOSD) or Myelin Oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) myelitis? Options: axial H-sign, conus involvement, longitudinally extensive single lesion, marked cord swelling, multiple short lesions

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multiple short lesions

Front

Which of the following features of optic neuritis suggest myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody -associated disease (MOGAD) as the possible underlying etiology? anterior segment involvement with optic nerve sheath enhancement, chasmal involvement, homonymous hemianopia, posterior optic pathway involvement, short segment involvement with homogenous optic nerve enhancement

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anterior segment involvement with optic nerve sheath enhancement

Front

The paraneoplastic form of opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome is associated with which of the following neoplasms? lymphoma, medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, teratoma

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neuroblastoma

Front

Meningitis is the most likely inflammatory central nervous system manifestation of which of the following rheumatologist diseases? Behcet Disease, IgG4-related disease, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren syndrome, Systemic Lupus Erythematous

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IgG4-related disease

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Treatment planning for an autoimmune neurological disorder that will likely require long-term immunosuppressant therapy should include screening for which of the following conditions? cytomegalovirus, hepatitis A, human papilloma virus, tuberculosis, varicella

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tuberculosis