Neutralization Reactions

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Neutralization Reaction Noun

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[noo-truh-li-zay-shun ree-ak-shun]

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Neutralization Reaction

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A chemical reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water, resulting in a neutral solution.

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Example: This image shows that when an acid and a base are mixed, they react to produce water and a salt, neutralizing each other's properties.

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Acid Noun

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[as-id]

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Acid

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A substance that produces hydronium ions or hydrogen ions when dissolved in water, characterized by a pH less than 7.

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Example: This diagram shows the pH scale, where substances with a pH value from 0 to 6 are classified as acidic.

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Base Noun

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[bayss]

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Base

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A substance that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water or is capable of accepting a proton from an acid.

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Example: This image shows a soap-making craft kit. While soap is an example of a base, the image is a cluttered product photo and does not explain the chemical properties of a base or its role in neutralization reactions.

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Salt Noun

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[sawlt]

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Salt

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An ionic compound formed from the reaction of an acid and a base, composed of a cation and an anion.

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Example: This image is a worksheet about salt's atomic structure, not its formation from a neutralization reaction, and contains excessive text for a flashcard.

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Hydronium ion Noun

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[hy-droh-nee-um ahy-on]

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Hydronium ion

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The ion H3O+, formed when a proton attaches to a water molecule, and is characteristic of aqueous acid solutions.

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Example: A water molecule (H₂O) combines with a proton (a hydrogen ion, H⁺) to form a positively charged hydronium ion (H₃O⁺).

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Hydroxide ion Noun

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[hy-drok-sahyd ahy-on]

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Hydroxide ion

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The polyatomic ion OH-, consisting of one oxygen and one hydrogen atom, and is characteristic of aqueous base solutions.

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Example: This diagram shows a hydroxide ion, which is made of one oxygen atom (O) and one hydrogen atom (H) bonded together with an overall negative charge.

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Anion Noun

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[an-ahy-on]

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Anion

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A negatively charged ion, which in a salt produced from a neutralization reaction, is derived from the original acid.

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Example: A neutral chlorine atom (Cl) gains an electron, becoming a negatively charged chloride anion (Cl⁻) with a full outer electron shell.

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Cation Noun

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[kat-ahy-on]

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Cation

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A positively charged ion, which in a salt produced from a neutralization reaction, is derived from the original base.

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Example: A neutral sodium atom (left) loses one electron from its outer shell, resulting in more protons than electrons and creating a positively charged sodium ion (cation).

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Alkali Noun

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[al-kuh-lahy]

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Alkali

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A specific type of base that is soluble in water and forms hydroxide ions in the resulting aqueous solution.

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Example: This table shows common household substances that are alkalis, indicated by their pH values being greater than 7, such as soap and baking soda.

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Brønsted-Lowry base Noun

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[bron-sted lou-ree bayss]

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Brønsted-Lowry base

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A chemical species that is defined by its ability to accept a proton (a hydrogen ion, H+) from another substance.

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Example: A Brønsted-Lowry base (B) is a substance that accepts a proton (H) from an acid (HA) during a chemical reaction.