Titration

Front

Titration Noun

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[ty-tray-shun]

Back

Titration

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A laboratory technique used to determine the concentration of a substance by reacting it with a solution of known concentration.

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Example: This diagram shows a titration setup, where a solution of known concentration (titrant) is added from a burette to a solution of unknown concentration (analyte).

Front

Analyte Noun

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[an-uh-lyt]

Back

Analyte

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The solution of unknown concentration in a titration experiment, which is also known as the titrand.

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Example: In a titration, the analyte is the solution in the beaker, which has an unknown concentration that is being measured by adding a titrant.

Front

Titrant Noun

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[ty-trant]

Back

Titrant

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The solution of known concentration that is carefully added to the analyte during a titration experiment.

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Example: This diagram shows a titrant, the solution of known concentration, being carefully added from a buret to determine the concentration of the analyte below.

Front

Standard Solution Noun

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[stan-derd suh-loo-shun]

Back

Standard Solution

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A solution whose concentration is known with high precision, which is often used as the titrant in a titration.

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Example: This diagram shows a concentrated 'Stock Solution' (a type of standard solution) being used to create several new solutions with known, decreasing concentrations.

Front

Equivalence Point Noun

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[ih-kwiv-uh-luhns point]

Back

Equivalence Point

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The point in a titration where the moles of titrant added are stoichiometrically equal to the moles of analyte present.

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Example: This graph shows how pH changes during a titration. The equivalence point is the exact spot on the steep curve where the added base has completely neutralized the acid.

Front

Endpoint Noun

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[end-point]

Back

Endpoint

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The point in a titration where a physical change, such as a color change from an indicator, signals reaction completion.

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Example: This diagram shows that the endpoint of a titration is the exact point where the solution changes color (to faint pink), signaling the reaction is complete.

Front

Neutralization Reaction Noun

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[noo-truh-luh-zay-shun ree-ak-shun]

Back

Neutralization Reaction

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A chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react quantitatively with each other to produce a salt and water.

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Example: This diagram shows how an acid (HF) and a base (KOH) react by swapping parts to form water (H₂O) and a salt (KF).

Front

Indicator Noun

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[in-di-kay-ter]

Back

Indicator

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A substance that undergoes a distinct observable change when conditions in its solution change, signaling the endpoint.

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Example: This image shows how an indicator, litmus paper, changes color to identify a substance as an acid (blue turns red) or a base (red turns blue).

Front

Phenolphthalein Noun

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[fee-nol-thal-een]

Back

Phenolphthalein

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A common acid-base indicator that is colorless in acidic solutions and turns pink in basic or alkaline solutions.

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Example: The image shows that phenolphthalein indicator is clear in a neutral/acidic solution and turns pink when a base (alkaline solution) is added.

Front

Buret Noun

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[byoo-ret]

Back

Buret

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A graduated glass tube with a stopcock at the bottom, used to dispense precise and variable volumes of a liquid.

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Example: This image shows a buret, a long glass tube with volume markings and a stopcock valve at the bottom, used to precisely dispense liquids.