Ionic and Covalent Bonds
Flashcard
•
Science
•
6th - 8th Grade
•
Hard
Barbara White
FREE Resource
Student preview
15 questions
Show all answers
1.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
Electronic Structure Noun
[eh-lek-tron-ik struk-cher]
Back
Electronic Structure
The specific arrangement of electrons in different energy levels or shells around the nucleus of an atom.
Example: This diagram shows an atom's electronic structure, with electrons arranged in specific energy levels, or shells, orbiting the central nucleus.
2.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
Valence Electrons Noun
[vay-lense eh-lek-trons]
Back
Valence Electrons
The electrons located in the outermost energy level of an atom, which are directly involved in chemical bonding.
Example: This Bohr model of a Sodium atom shows its electrons in shells. The single electron in the outermost shell is the valence electron.
3.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
Electronegativity Noun
[eh-lek-tro-neg-a-tiv-i-tee]
Back
Electronegativity
A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons in a chemical bond.
Example: The difference in electronegativity between two atoms determines the type of bond: a small difference results in a covalent bond, while a large difference results in an ionic bond.
4.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
Ionic Bond Noun
[eye-on-ik bond]
Back
Ionic Bond
A chemical bond formed by the complete transfer of one or more electrons from a metal to a non-metal atom.
Example: A sodium atom transfers an electron to a chlorine atom, creating a positive sodium ion and a negative chloride ion that attract to form an ionic bond.
5.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
Covalent Bond Noun
[ko-vay-lent bond]
Back
Covalent Bond
A chemical bond formed when two non-metal atoms achieve stability by sharing one or more pairs of electrons.
Example: This diagram shows two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom sharing their outer electrons to form stable covalent bonds, creating a water molecule.
6.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
Ion Noun
[eye-on]
Back
Ion
An atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a net electrical charge.
Example: A neutral sodium atom with an equal number of protons and electrons loses one electron, resulting in a positively charged sodium ion (Na+).
7.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
Cation Noun
[kat-eye-on]
Back
Cation
A positively charged ion that is formed when a neutral atom, typically a metal, loses one or more electrons.
Example: A neutral sodium atom loses its outer electron, resulting in more protons than electrons, which gives the new sodium ion (a cation) a positive charge.
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