Fiber Optic Cable Advantages

Front

High Bandwidth

Back

Front

Immunity to EMI

Back

Dielectric nature makes it immune to electromagnetic interference.

Front

Low Attenuation

Back

Transmission loss is extremely low (< 0.2 dB/km), enabling long distances.

Front

Enhanced Security

Back

Difficult to tap without detection, ensuring data integrity.

Front

Lightweight

Back

Significantly lighter and smaller in diameter than copper cables.

Front

Cost Effective

Back

Abundant raw material (silica) makes it economical for long hauls.

Front

Diagram showing the structure of an optical fiber

Back

The structure of an optical fiber consists of three main parts: 1. **Core**: The central region made of high-purity silica where light propagates. It has a higher refractive index (n_1). 2. **Cladding**: Surrounds the core with a lower refractive index (n_2 < n_1). It is essential for Total Internal Reflection. 3. **Buffer Jacket**: A protective polymer layer that shields the fiber from moisture, abrasion, and physical damage.

Front

Step-Index Fiber (SIF)

Back

The refractive index of the core (n_1) is uniform throughout. There is an abrupt change to n_2 at the core-cladding boundary.

Front

Graded-Index Fiber (GIF)

Back

The refractive index is highest at the center and decreases parabolically outwards. It reduces intermodal dispersion by continuously refocusing light rays.

Front

Core diameter of Single Mode Fiber (SMF)

Back

Small (8 - 10 µm)