Chapters 6,7,&8: Culture, Language, & Religion

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Culture

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the beliefs, values, practices, behaviors, and technologies shared by a society and passed down from generation to generation.

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Cultural Trait

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material objects shared by a group, such as food and clothing, as well as language and other shared practices.

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Artifacts

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the visible objects and technologies that a culture creates, such as houses and buildings, clothing, tools, toys, and land-use practices.

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Sociofacts

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are structures and organizations that influence social behavior, such as families, governments, educational systems, and religious organizations.

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Mentifacts

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the central, enduring elements of a culture that reflect its shared ideas, values, knowledge, and beliefs - are the slowest to change.

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Popular Culture

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the widespread behaviors, beliefs, and practices of ordinary people in society at a given point in time - tend to change quickly.

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Traditional Culture

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is composed of long-established behaviors, beliefs, and practices passed down from generation to generation, such as languages, food, ceremonies, and customs.

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Cultural Norms

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the shared standards and patterns that guide the behavior of a group of people, play an important role in upholding traditions and keep traditional culture from changing.

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Ethnocentrism

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the tendency of ethnic groups to evaluate other groups according to preconceived ideas originating from their own culture.

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Cultural Relativism

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the evaluation of a culture solely by its unique standards.