The Enlightenment and French Revolution

Front

Which Enlightenment thinker argued for natural rights—life, liberty, and property—and influenced the Declaration of Independence?

Back

John Locke of England, natural rights theorist

Front

Which idea is most closely associated with Montesquieu’s major contribution to political theory?

Back

Government should separate into branches

Front

Voltaire is best remembered for promoting which principles?

Back

Religious toleration and free speech

Front

Thomas Hobbes’s social contract theory in this context supported which political outcome? Options: Natural rights protecting property, Absolutism to control selfish people, Religious freedom for minorities, Democratic checks and balances

Back

Absolutism to control selfish people

Front

Which group made up about 98% of France’s population yet had few rights and paid high taxes under the Old Regime?

Back

Third Estate of peasants and bourgeoisie

Front

Which event involved representatives of the Third Estate pledging to continue meeting until a new constitution was written?

Back

Tennis Court Oath by delegates

Front

Who led the Jacobins and sought to gain control of France and execute the king?

Back

Maximilien Robespierre of radicals

Front

Which factors contributed to the collapse of Napoleon’s empire during the Russia campaign?

Back

Scorched earth strategy and harsh climate

Front

Which goal best describes a core aim of the Congress of Vienna after Napoleon’s defeat?

Back

Restore the balance of power among European states

Front

Who was the dominant political figure at the Congress of Vienna meetings?

Back

Klemens von Metternich