Social Science Vocab

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Formula adopted to prevent a naval arms race by assigning a fixed proportion of major ships to the United States, Britain, and Japan in a treaty negotiated at the Washington Naval Conference.

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5:5:3 ratio

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1919 Supreme Court decision that upheld convictions under the Sedition Act; Justice Holmes dissented and introduced the 'marketplace' of ideas as an important guide for future First Amendment jurisprudence.

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Abrams v. United States

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Term used to describe psychiatrists, doctors who specialized in the workings of the human mind.

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Alienists

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The nation’s largest labor union with a membership of over four million in 1919; during World War I, AFL leadership embraced patriotic rhetoric and mostly observed a truce with management in support of the war effort.

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American Federation of Labor (AFL)

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Considered by many to be the greatest jazz trumpeter of all time, he started his career in New Orleans before moving to Chicago and helping to define a distinct style with his virtuosic solos and improvisational singing.

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Armstrong, Louis

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A rush by depositors to withdraw savings from banks; bank runs drained the insufficient reserves and caused thousands of banks to fail between 1930−32.

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Bank run

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Principle affirmed by the Fourteenth Amendment that all persons born in the United States are automatically granted citizenship.

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Birthright citizenship

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Record stock sell-off on October 29, 1929, that wiped out billions of dollars in market value in the worst trading day in Wall Street history.

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Black Tuesday

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Feminists, anarchists, socialists, communist revolutionaries, avant-garde painters, sculptors, writers, and others who rejected Victorian era’s dominant social norms in favor of a non-conformist lifestyle that celebrated individual self-expression; many lived in New York’s Greenwich Village neighborhood.

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Bohemians

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Communist takeover of the Provisional Russian government in October of 1917, led by Vladimir Lenin; its success spread alarm in Europe and the United States that similar revolts might take root.

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Bolshevik Revolution