Disease and Immunization Terminology

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Epidemic

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The occurrence of disease within a specific geographical area or population that is in excess of what is normally expected.

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Etiology

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The cause of a disease.

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Exposure

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Contact with infectious agents (bacteria or viruses) in a manner that promotes transmission and increases the likelihood of disease.

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Immunization

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The process of being made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine.

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Infectious

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Capable of spreading disease. Also known as communicable.

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Pandemic

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A worldwide epidemic.

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Pathogens

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Organisms (e.g., bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi) that cause disease in human beings.

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Susceptible

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Unprotected against disease.

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Vaccination

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The physical act of administering any vaccine or toxoid.

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Virulence

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The relative capacity of a pathogen to overcome body defenses.