World History Flashcards for Grade 9

Front

What is agriculture?

Back

The practice of farming and cultivating crops.

Front

What was the Neolithic Revolution?

Back

A turning point in history where humans shifted from nomadic hunting and gathering to settled agriculture and animal domestication, leading to permanent settlements.

Front

What does 'nomadic' mean?

Back

A lifestyle characterized by moving from place to place in search of food, water, or pasture, rather than living in a permanent settlement.

Front

What is the 'Out of Africa' theory?

Back

The theory that early modern humans (Homo sapiens) first evolved in Africa and later migrated across the globe to populate other continents.

Front

What is slash-and-burn farming?

Back

A farming method where forests are cut down and burned to create new farmland, often used in dense tropical rainforest environments.

Front

What is a surplus?

Back

Extra supply of a resource (especially food) left over after basic survival needs are met.

Front

What does 'urban' mean?

Back

Relating to cities or densely populated towns, as opposed to rural farming areas.

Front

What is the Mandate of Heaven?

Back

A Chinese political concept that the gods granted an emperor the right to rule based on good governance.

Front

What is Mesopotamia known for?

Back

The ancient 'land between the rivers' (Tigris and Euphrates) where the world's earliest urban civilizations, irrigation networks, and legal codes emerged.

Front

What is a shaduf?

Back

An ancient irrigation tool consisting of a bucket and lever used to lift water from a river into farming fields.