Inference

INFERENCE LESSON

1) What is it?

2) How to spot it?

3) How to explain it?

What does it mean "to infer"?

To infer something means to deduce or conclude (information) based on evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements. In other words, you read "between the lines" and form a logical explanation for certain behaviour based on clues within a story.

"From her facial expression, we can infer that she is deeply sad."

"By slamming the door, it is clear that the character is furious."

Where is everyone?

Possible Scenarios

• It is the middle of the night so everyone is sleeping.

• It is an abandoned town.

• There is a curfew and people aren't allowed out.

• What else could be going on?

What can you infer from each example?

• A cake with candles on it...

• A messy room...

• An empty fridge...

• Dark clouds...

• A roomful of books...

How to Spot it?

• Someone's facial expression or appearance

• A character's actions or words

• The narrator's thoughts

• Logical reactions to circumstances

• The setting or plot

Example 1: Someone's Actions

"The tennis player throws his racket on the ground after a referee's call." This shows that the athlete has a short temper and has likely reacted aggressively to losing a point. This unsportsmanlike behaviour indicates someone who is displeased or angry.

Example 2: Someone's Appearance

"The boss only wore designer suits and watches." This implies that the person is wealthy and likely wants to show off their expensive belongings or purchases. People often do this to appear more powerful or gain more respect from their subordinates.

How to Explain it?

• Do NOT simply retell the quote in your own words.

• Look for key words (verbs, adjectives, etc.)

• Determine if you get a positive or negative feeling.

• Check if repetition or exaggeration is being used.

• Use your prior knowledge to come up with a logical reason/explanation for the quote.

Multiple Choice

INFER the most likely scenario: "There are farm animals painted in one of the bedrooms."

• The people in the home love animals.

• There is a baby or young child in the home.

• The home is on a farm.

• There is no one living in that home.

Poll

Do you have a better understanding of inference?

• Yes absolutely!

• Yes, but I would like to learn more.

• No, I'm confused.