Chapter 1 Quiz Review

Chapter 1 Quiz Review

Sections 1, 2, & 3

For todays review session we are going to take a look at some key concepts from Chapter 1 that you will see on the quiz.

Multiple Choice

Which theory of the origin of the state suggests that the state evolved from the family? (Chapter 1 Section 1)

• Force Theory

• Divine Right Theory

• Evolutionary Theory

• Social Contract Theory

Theory of the Origin of the State

• There are 4 different theories that attempt to explain how societies and governments formed.

• Evolutionary Theory -  The state evolved from the family

   The head of a primitive family was the authority that served as a government. 

• Force Theory -  A state was created when all the people of an area were brought under the authority of one person or group. 

• Divine Right Theory -  The gods have chosen certain people to rule by “divine right”. 

• Social Contract Theory - A social contract is formed between a group of people and the government

Multiple Select

Which two philosophers developed the Social Contract Theory? (Chapter 1 Section 1)

• John Locke

• Jean Jacques Rousseau

• Thomas Hobbes

• Lionel Messi

Thomas Hobbes developed the theory first and John Locke took it a step further

• Both believed that a group of people form a social contract with the government

• The people give up a certain degree of freedom and in exchange the government agrees to protect the people

• John Lock believed the people could remove the government if the government didn't hold up their end of the contract

Multiple Choice

What is one of the main purposes of a constitution? (Chapter 1 Section 2)

• To indicate how judges should be appointed

• To outline the structure of government

• To identify consequences for violations of the law

• To create a schedule for holding elections

The Constitution does a few important things...

• It identifies ideals that people believe in and share collectively

• It outlines the structure of government and defines the governments powers

• It provides the supreme law for the country

Multiple Choice

What is Adam Smith's contribution to economics? (Chapter 1 Section 3)

• He encouraged governments to take a laissez-faire approach with the economy

• He is responsible for developing communism as an economic theory

• He is the father of modern computing and developed the first super computer

• He is known to have been the first supporter of socialism

Adam Smith is responsible for the development of capitalism

• He wrote a book, "The Wealth of Nations" which is the blueprint for capitalism

• He encouraged governments to take a laissez-faire approach to the economy

• He believed that competition at all levels was good for: sellers, consumers, and workers

Multiple Choice

Which of the following choices is NOT a type of economic system? (Chapter 1 Section 3)

• Market economy

• Traditional economy

• Command economy

• Authoritarian economy

Economic systems based on how they work...

• Traditional economy - A system of trade within a primitive society (agriculture, hunting, fishing, etc.)

• Market economy - competition between companies determines production and prices

• Command economy - an economy that is fully controlled by the government

Multiple Choice

Which person developed communism as an economic system? (Chapter 1 Section 3)

• Friedrich Nietzsche

• Adam Smith

• Aristotle

• Karl Marx

Karl Marx is known for developing communism. A few of his key beliefs are...

• Capitalism created a division between two groups: the bourgeoisie (wealthy) and the proletariat (poor).

• Under communism he believed there would be only one class... the working class

• Since everyone would share everything, there would be no need for government

Multiple Choice

One important function of government is to provide national security. Which of the following would be an example of this? (Chapter 1 Section 1)

• The Royersford Police Department

• The United States Congress

• NASA

• The United States Military

5 Functions of Government: Providing National Security

• The government is responsible for protecting the people from attack from other countries or terrorists

• Local police departments would be an example of maintaining order

Multiple Choice

Which of the following describes the Federal System? (Chapter 1 Section 2)

• A system of government that divides power between the national and state governments

• A system we use to make and enforce criminal laws

• An economic system similar to Capitalism

The Federal System

A division of power between the state and national government. Both have sovereignty in certain areas.

Multiple Choice

When power is given to a few people or a specific political party. This is known as... (Chapter 1 Section 2)

• Dictatorship

• Oligarchy

• Constitutional Monarchy

• Direct Democracy

Oligarchy

• Power is in the hands of a few

• Those in power typically gain power through: wealthy, social position, military power, or a combination of these things

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT one of the two main types of Democracy? (Chapter 1 Section 2)

• Direct Democracy

• Elective Democracy

• Representative Democracy

Democracy

• A system of government in which the people rule. The main types are...

• Direct Democracy

• Representative Democracy

• Constitutional Monarchy

Multiple Choice

How is a Constitutional Monarchy different from an Absolute Monarchy? (Chapter 1 Section 2)

• A Constitutional Monarchy shares power with elected officials and an Absolute Monarchy is similar to a dictatorship

• A Constitutional Monarchy provide the King or Queen with total authority and an Absolute Monarchy forces the King or Queen to share power with a President

• There is no difference between a Constitutional Monarchy and an Absolute Monarchy

• In a Constitutional Monarchy a King or Queen is elected. But, in an Absolute Monarchy a King or Queen inherits power through their family

Monarchy could either be an Authoritarian government type or a Democracy

• Absolute Monarchies are similar to a dictatorship

• Constitutional Monarchies force the king or queen to share power with elected representatives

Multiple Choice

Who holds most of the key power to run government in a Confederacy? (Chapter 1 Section 2)

• The national or central government

• The King or Queen

• The States

• The President

Confederacy

Independent states hold most of the power, leaving the national or central government weak

Multiple Choice

“Governments make rules that everyone must follow. The government has the authority to punish those who violate established rules." Which term describes this statement? (Chapter 1 Section 1)

• Limited Government

• Rule of Law

• Anarchy

• Nation

The Rule of Law

• This is one of the most fundamental rules of a democratic government

• The government makes rules that everyone must follow

• If you break the rules, the government has the authority to punish you

Multiple Choice

A state without government or laws is known as… (Chapter 1 Section 1)

• Anarchy

• Monarchy

• Oligarchy

• Authoritarian

Anarchy

This is typically described as a state of chaos which can lead to violence. It is the exact opposite of government.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT one of the essential features of a state? (Chapter 1 Section 1)

• Territory

• Population

• Sovereignty

• Money

Multiple Choice

Competition among businesses: This describes... (Chapter 1 Section 3)

• Capitalism

• Socialism

• Communism

• Democracy

Multiple Choice

Government ownership of all production and distribution: This describes... (Chapter 1 Section 3)

• Capitalism

• Socialism

• Communism

• Democracy

Multiple Choice

Wealth is distributed among the people and typically has a high tax rate. This describes... (Chapter 1 Section 3)

• Capitalism

• Socialism

• Communism

• Democracy

Multiple Choice

Which system of government gives all the key powers to the national or central government? (Chapter 1 Section 2)

• Confederacy

• Federal system

• Unitary system

• Monopoly

Unitary System

All key powers are given to the national or central government. State or local governments are just extensions of the central government

Multiple Choice

Which of the following economic systems is most commonly used around the world? (Chapter 1 Section 3)

• Socialism

• Communism

• Federalism

• Mixed Economy

Key Elements of a mixed economy

• The government regulates private businesses, but does not control them

• The level of government regulation varies from country to country

• This is the economic system used in the United States