WWI- tension extended -F4A

WWI- tension extended

The Moroccan Crises

Multiple Choice

Which of the following concerning the relationship between the 6 great powers in late 19th century to early 20th century is correct?

• France allied with Germany in exchange for the right to exercise ruling power over Alsace and Lorraine

• Russia and Austria-Hungary and Germany were competing for the market in Balkans

• Germany relied on Italy to maintain strong

• Britain and Germany was competing for Alsace and Lorraine in the early 20th century

Tension in Africa from 1905 onward

Moroccan Crises

Morocco in 1905 (pg. 20)

#Independent

#Rebels of Berber tribes against Sultan Abdul Aziz

#Lost control of most of the country

Multiple Choice

France had been involved in Morocco since 1871. Why?

• French loved the sensory

• Morocco was highly industrialised area

• Morocco held rich mineral (礦物) which France would like to trade for

• French government was friendly to Sultan Aziz

'Secret' arrangement concerning Morocco

• Italy and France (1901) → Morocco should under French control

• Britain and France (1904) → France had mandate (托管) over Morocco # France would give up all its interests in Egypt leaving it for Britain

Multiple Choice

How did Germany react?

• Accepted this peacefully

• Showed interest towards economic rights in Morocco

German Reaction

• German politicians → assured Sultan Aziz of German support # France might extent its influence to North Africa and Mediterranean Sea

• Kaiser Wilhelm II → demonstrated that he was interested in Morocco by touring around #Germany knew the best how to protect Morocco's independence → against France's mandate

Britain and France's reaction towards 'German reaction'

• France → shocked and angered, all military leaves cancelled

  Britain → showed that it would not tolerate Germany interfering in Morocco #Germany might threaten British naval base in Gibraltar if Germany was to built a naval base in one of Moroccan port

Solution to First Moroccan Crisis -- The Algeciras Conference 1906

• attended by 12 European countries and USA

• France had controlling interest in Moroccan affairs

• Every country was free to trade with Morocco

• Morocco remained independent

• All later Moroccan issues had to be agreed by all countries that had signed the agreement

Multiple Choice

Did the Algeciras Conference solve all the problem?

• YES

• NO

Multiple Choice

Which country would be angered?

• Britain

• France

• Germany

• USA

Reactions to the Algeciras Conference

• Kaiser → 'been embarrassed' and determined not to back down in future dispute (Second Moroccan Crisis)

• Britain and France → demonstrated the strength of Entente Cordiale (signed in 1904)

THIS IS THE END OF THE FIRST MOROCCAN CRISIS

SECOND MOROCCAN CRISIS

Process

• Berber tribes rebelled again in March 1911

• Sultan sought help from France

• France and Spain sent troops in May 1911 # protect their people in Fez

• Germany sent gunboat SMS Panther to Agadir # France planned this # protect German people in Morocco

• France sent more troops to Morocco

• Britain supported France after its politicians failed to calm France down

Outcome (short term)

• !"£$%^^&&*(()))

• Germany encountered domestic financial crisis → could not handle both domestic problem (financial crisis) and international conflict at the same time

• Germany withdrew and ended its involvement

• Treaty of Fez → France would take control of Morocco in exchange for granting Germany land in the Congo (岡果)

Outcome (long term)

• Further strengthening Entente Cordiale

• Britain → English Channel; France → Mediterranean

• Further division between the Entente powers and Germany

• Germa Kaiser ??? # Never back down again??

SOLID.

Germany. "Donnerwetter! It's Rock. I thought it was going to be a paper."

A cartoon published in a British magazine on 2 August 1911

Multiple Choice

What is represented by the stone?

• France

• Entente Cordiale

• Britain

• Morocco

Multiple Choice

Who was represented by the man in the cartoon?

• King of Britain

• German Kaiser

• Sultan Aziz

• French King

Multiple Choice

Was the man hurt?

• YES

• NO

Multiple Select

Which of the following statement(s) concerning the cartoon was/ were correct?

• Germany had underestimated the strength of the Entente Cordiale

• Germany was satisfied with the Treaty of Fiz

• Germany managed to kick and destroy the stone

• The Entente powers was working more closely on naval issues