Reduced Clause

Reduced Clause

Reduced Clause

It is possible in English for a clause to appear in a complete form or in a reduced form.

For example:

In a complete form: My friend should be on the train which is arriving at the station now.

In a reduced form: My friend should be on the train arriving at the station now.

Rules in Reduced Clause

• The clauses must be adjective clauses or adverb clauses.

Rules in Reduced Adjective Clauses

• The connector and the be- verb that directly follow it are omitted. For example: The woman who is waving to us is the tour guide. Reduced clause: The woman waving to us is the tour guide.

• Another example: The pitcher that is on the table is full o f iced tea. Reduced clause: The pitcher on the table is full o f iced tea.

Rules in Reduced Adjective Clauses

• When there is no be-verb in the adjective clause, the connector is omitted and the verb is changed into the -ing form.

• For example: I don’t understand the article which appears in today’s paper.

• Reduced clause: I don’t understand the article appearing in today’s paper.

Rules in Reduced Adjective Clauses

• An adjective clause can appear in a reduced form only if the adjective clause connect r is followed directly by a verb.

• For example: The woman that I just met is the tour guide.

• In this sentence, the connector "that" is followed by a subject, not a verb, so it can not be reduced.

Rules in Reduced Adjective Clauses

• when an adjective clause is set off with commas, the reduced adjective clause can appear at the front o f the sentence .

• Example: The White House, which is located in Washington, is the home of the president.

• Reduced clause: The White House, located in Washington, is the home of the president.

• Reduced clause: Located in Washington, the White House is the home o f the president.

Rules in Reduced Adverb Clauses

• The adverb connector remains, but the subject and be-verb are omitted.

• For example: Although he is rather unwell, the speaker will take part in the seminar.

• Reduced clause: Although rather unwell, the speaker will take part in the seminar.

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Rules in Reduced Adverb Clauses

• When there is no be-verb in the adverb clause, the subject is omitted and the main verb is changed in to the -ing form .

• For example: Although he feels rather sick, the speaker will take part in the seminar.

• Reduced clause: Although feeling rather sick, the speaker will take part in the seminar.

Multiple Choice

Serving a term of four years, the mayor o f the town will face reelection next year.

• Correct

• Incorrect

Multiple Choice

The brand new Cadillac, purchasing less than two weeks ago, was destroyed in the accident.

• Correct

• Incorrect

Multiple Choice

The suspect can be seen in the photographs were just released by the police.

• Correct

• Incorrect

Multiple Choice

The food placing on the picnic table attracted a large number of flies.

• Correct

• Incorrect

Multiple Choice

Impressed with everything she had heard about the course, Marie signed her children up for it.

• Correct

• Incorrect

Multiple Choice

The passengers in the airport waiting room, heard the announcement of the canceled flight, groaned audibly.

• Correct

• Incorrect

Multiple Choice

Dissatisfied with the service at the restaurant, the meal really was not enjoyable.

• Correct

• Incorrect

Multiple Choice

The ointment can be applied where needed.

• Correct

• Incorrect

Multiple Choice

Tom began to look for a job after completing his master’s degree in engineering.

• Correct

• Incorrect

Multiple Choice

Although net selecting for the team, he attends all o f the games as a fan.

• Correct

• Incorrect

Multiple Choice

When purchased at this store, the buyer gets a guarantee on all items.

• Correct

• Incorrect

Multiple Choice

The medicine is not effective unless taken as directed.

• Correct

• Incorrect

Multiple Choice

You should negotiate a lot before buy a new car.

• Correct

• Incorrect

Multiple Choice

Once purchased, the swimsuits cannot be returned.

• Correct

• Incorrect

Multiple Choice

Though located near the coast, the town does not get much o f an ocean breeze.

• Correct

• Incorrect