PRESENT PERFECT AND SIMPLE PAST - IN SPANISH!

PRESENT PERFECT AND SIMPLE PAST - IN SPANISH!

Estos tiempos son facilitos.

PRESENT PERFECT

El presente perfecto en inglés se usa para hablar de experiencias que hemos tenido, o acciones que comenzaron en el pasado y siguen sucediendo en el presente, o que tienen relevancia en el presente.

PRESENT PERFECT - STRUCTURE

El presente perfecto se forma de esta manera:

SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + VERB PAST PARTICIPLE

Es esencial memorizar la forma de pasado participio de los verbos para este tiempo gramatical.

PRESENT PERFECT - AFFIRMATIVE

Para formar oraciones afirmativas, este es el orden que hay que seguir:

She has seen that movie three times.

I have been to London.

They have done their homework.

He has eaten Italian pasta.

Como pueden ver, sólo el verbo HAVE cambia de acuerdo con el sujeto. El verbo principal siempre va en pasado participio.

PRESENT PERFECT - NEGATIVE

Para formar oraciones negativas, este es el orden que hay que seguir:

She has not (hasn't) finished her homework yet.

I have not (haven't) watched that TV show yet.

They have not (haven't) read that book yet.

He has not (hasn't) bought new shoes yet.

En paréntesis pueden ver las contracciones. Generalmente añadimos el adverbio yet en oraciones negativas, con el significado de "todavía no".

PRESENT PERFECT - QUESTIONS

Para formar oraciones interrogativas, este es el orden que hay que seguir:

Has she had breakfast today?

Have I replied to all the e-mails?

How many times have they seen that movie?

Has he ever been to Africa?

Como pueden ver, se sigue la misma fórmula para formar preguntas que presente simple y pasado simple; cambiamos de lugar el verbo auxiliar.

Nota: La pregunta Have you ever...? se hace para saber si alguien ha hecho algo al menos una vez en su vida.

DIFERENCIA ENTRE PRESENTE PERFECTO Y PASADO SIMPLE

El presente perfecto expresa acciones que tienen relevancia en el presente o que siguen sucediendo en el presente, pero el pasado simple se refiere a acciones completadas, que comenzaron y terminaron en algún punto en el pasado.

E.g. I have seen Avengers: Endgame three times. (La he visto tres veces, probablemente la vea otra vez.)

E.g. I saw Avengers: Endgame in 2019. (La vi en ese año, esa acción fue en ese momento, en ese año, es una acción terminada.)

Aquí la comparación con español sí funciona: La he visto tres veces; la vi en 2019.

Multiple Choice

Is this sentence correct or incorrect?

She has been to France last year.

• Correct

• Incorrect

Multiple Choice

Is this sentence correct or incorrect?

For the last two weeks, she's written a lot of letters.

• Correct

• Incorrect

Multiple Choice

Is this sentence correct or incorrect?

I didn't go to the cinema up till now.

• Correct

• Incorrect

Multiple Choice

Is this sentence correct or incorrect?

I have eaten vegetables six times last month.

• Correct

• Incorrect

Multiple Choice

Is this sentence correct or incorrect?

They travelled abroad twice last year.

• Correct

• Incorrect

Multiple Choice

Is this sentence correct or incorrect?

Two days, ago, I ran into an old school friend.

• Correct

• Incorrect

Multiple Choice

Is this sentence correct or incorrect?

During the last two weeks, I visited some family members.

• Correct

• Incorrect

Multiple Choice

Is this sentence correct or incorrect?

In the last few days, my students have done a lot of homework.

• Correct

• Incorrect

Multiple Choice

Is this sentence correct or incorrect?

Over the past year, many people have seen drastic changes in their lives.

• Correct

• Incorrect

Open Ended

Use the following verb and the time expression to make an example with your own information. E. g. last year --- go to: I went to Ensenada last year.

In the last few days

make

Open Ended

Use the following verb and the time expression to make an example with your own information. E. g. last year --- go to: I went to Ensenada last year.

yesterday

eat

Open Ended

Use the following verb and the time expression to make an example with your own information. E. g. last year --- go to: I went to Ensenada last year.

up till now

see

Open Ended

Use the following verb and the time expression to make an example with your own information. E. g. last year --- go to: I went to Ensenada last year.

two days ago

have

Open Ended

Use the following verb and the time expression to make an example with your own information. E. g. last year --- go to: I went to Ensenada last year.

during the last few months

ANY VERB