Q1 Science Review

Q1 Science Review

Multiple Choice

Which statement best describes the air in Earth's atmosphere?

• a pure substance made of one kind of gas

• a solution of gases that are physically mixed

• a compound made of two or more kinds of gases

• a mixture of two gases that are chemically combined

Multiple Choice

A chemist determines that the atom she is studying has eight negatively charged particles outside the nucleus.

What does this indicate about the atom?

• It is very unstable

• It contains 8 neutrons

• It contains 8 Electrons

• It is a negatively charged atom

Multiple Choice

In this Nitrogen model, what do the black spheres represent?

• electrons

• neutrons

• photons

• protons

Multiple Choice

Which statement about elements and atoms is true?

• Atoms are the smallest unit of an element.

• Atoms are made of particles called elements.

• Elements are made of more than one type of atom.

• Elements are easily broken down into atoms by a physical reaction.

Multiple Choice

Atoms are known as the building blocks of all matter because they make up the observed structures of the universe.

What are some of the building blocks of atoms?

• cells and tissues

• protons and neutrons

• elements and compounds

• electromagnetism and radiation

Multiple Choice

Audra is looking at a diagram of an atom. Which particle(s) does she see inside the nucleus?

• electrons only

• protons only

• electrons and protons

• protons and neutrons

Multiple Choice

What should a scientist do if a hypothesis is NOT supported by data?

• Change the data to support the hypothesis.

• Change the hypothesis to match the data

• Carry out further investigations

• Stop investigating the question.

Multiple Choice

Why does a gas take the shape of its container, while solids of the same substance do not?

• The mass of the particles in the gas is less than the mass of the particles in the solid.

• The particles in the gas are farther apart and move faster than the particles in the solid.

• The particles in the gas are smaller and move more slowly than the particles in the solid.

• The space between particles in the gas is smaller than the space between particles in the solid.

Multiple Choice

A scientist describes the molecules of a substance as it changes from one state of matter to another. She states that the speed of the molecules slows down over time.

Which phase change could the scientist be describing?

• gas to liquid

• solid to liquid

• solid to gas

• liquid to gass

Multiple Choice

How does the behavior of particles in a solid prevent it from flowing from place to place?

• The particles are unable to vibrate.

• The particles are unable to form a regular pattern.

• The particles are closely packed and have little empty space between them.

• The particles experience weak intermolecular forces which repel each other.

Multiple Choice

Atoms and molecules are constantly in motion. The more energy the atom or molecule contains, the faster they move about. In which state of matter do the atoms and molecules have the most energy?

• in a gas

• in a solid

• in a liquid

• in both a liquid and a solid

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about hypotheses is true?

• Hypotheses can never be changed.

• Hypotheses can be accepted or rejected

• Hypotheses can be proven true without evidence.

• Hypotheses are always proven to be true

Multiple Choice

Helen is studying the growth of two different types of plants. She planted two of each type of plant in locations with different levels of sunlight: full sun, partial shade, and full shade. For five weeks, Helen records the number of new leaves on each plant.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the independent and dependent variables in Helen's experiment?

• The independent variable is the amount of sunlight, and the dependent variable is the number of new leaves.

• The independent variable is the kind of plant, and the dependent variable is the amount of sunlight.

• The independent variable is the amount of sunlight, and the dependent variable is the kind of plant.

• The independent variable is the number of new leaves, and the dependent variable is the amount of sunlight.

Multiple Choice

Which statement is the best argument for a hypothesis that has evidence to reinforce its claim?

• The results prove the hypothesis.

• The results create the hypothesis.

• The results support the hypothesis.

• The results change the hypothesis.

Multiple Choice

In a scientific discussion, what is the most rigorous support of a claim?

• strong opinion

• spirited debate

• persuasive narrative

• experimental evidence

Multiple Choice

After conducting an investigation about which style of shoes were most popular among people his age, Miguel concluded that sneakers were the most popular style. Which observation method best supports Miguel's conclusion?

• Counting how many of each style of shoe are in his closet.

• Asking 40 of his classmates what their favorite shoe style is.

• Asking four of his best friends what their favorite shoe style is.

• Going to a shoe store and counting how many of each style are displayed

Multiple Choice

Consider the following hypothesis, “Drinking too many soft drinks causes calcium deficiency in teens.” A scientist plans an experiment to test the hypothesis. What is the outcome variable (dependent variable)?

• the level of calcium in the teens

• the number of teens in the test

• the amount of soft drinks the teens drink

• the type of soft drink consumed

Multiple Choice

Which method is the best way to make the results of an experiment more valid?

• by increasing the number of variables

• by making a better hypothesis

• by repeating the number of measurements

• by drawing better conclusions

Multiple Choice

Why are replications of an experiment necessary?

• to ensure that the experiment is reproducible

• to increase the number of variables

• to test different equipment

• to try different procedures

Multiple Choice

Ena is measuring the pH of various liquids to see if they are acids or bases. Although she is following the same procedure each time, she notices that when she tests a particular liquid she obtains a result she does not expect. She is not sure that the result is accurate.

What should Ena do to improve the reliability of the data she collects?

• change her hypothesis

• measure a smaller volume of each sample

• research more information about acids and bases

• perform repeated trials on each liquid

Multiple Choice

Which of these is least likely to be an advantage of scientific models?

• They can precisely replicate any scientific theory or law.

• They can be used to help scientists formulate and improve hypotheses

• They can be used to visually represent objects that are very small or very large

• They can be used to simplify complex concepts so that they are better understood.

Multiple Choice

A scientist uses a computer model to investigate how heat flow in Earth's mantle results in the motion of tectonic plates. Which of these statements describes a benefit of using a computer model to simulate interactions in Earth's layers?

• The model allows scientists to more reliably prevent the motion of tectonic plates.

• The model allows scientists to more directly observe the motion of tectonic plates

• The model allows scientists to more carefully change the motion of tectonic plates.

• The model allows scientists to more accurately predict the motion of tectonic plates.

Multiple Choice

Scientific models help scientists visualize phenomena that cannot be directly observed. Which model limitation most likely applies to a classroom model of the solar system?

• It is not to scale.

• It is two-dimensional.

• The planets do not orbit.

• The planets are not labeled.

Multiple Choice

Students do an investigation to see how far a 1-kilogram solar-powered toy car travels during a period of time. What is the independent variable in this investigation?

• time

• solar power

• mass of the car

• distance the car travels

Multiple Choice

In scientific investigations, only one factor can be varied at a time. Other factors must be held constant. Students are investigating whether light color affects the height plants grow. Which factor must be held constant in the students' investigation?

• the color of the light

• the amount of water

• the height the plant grows

• the amount of sunlight outdoors

Multiple Choice

Alita wants to know if the color of ice cream affects its taste. She has three batches of vanilla ice cream. Batch 1 has no food coloring, Batch 2 has red food coloring, and Batch 3 has green food coloring. She asks 10 people to taste the three batches of ice cream and choose their favorite. What is the independent variable in Alita's investigation?

• color of the ice cream

• taste of the ice cream

• the number of batches of ice cream

• number of people tasting the ice cream

Multiple Choice

Two balls, a foam ball and a golf ball, are placed into a pail of water. The golf ball sinks. Why does a foam ball float and a golf ball sink when both are placed into water?

• The foam ball has less density than the golf ball.

• The foam ball absorbs more water than the golf ball.

• The foam ball is more dense than the golf ball.

• The foam ball absorbs less water than the golf ball.

Multiple Choice

For a laboratory exercise in class, a student is given a mixture of small pieces of iron, sand, water, and salt. What physical property could be used to best separate the iron from the other ingredients

• solubility

• magnetism

• melting point

• electrical conductivity

Multiple Choice

Which characteristic is most affected by a change in gravity?

• density

• volume

• mass

• weight

Multiple Choice

Mass is the amount of matter an object is made of. Gravity is the universal force that acts between masses anywhere in the universe.

Which statement about gravitational force is true?

• The gravitational force between two objects depends on the shapes of the objects.

• The gravitational force between two objects will decrease if the volume of either object is increased.

• The gravitational force between two objects depends on the masses of the objects.

• The gravitational force between two objects will increase if the distance between the objects is increased.

Multiple Choice

A boy found a solid metal box. He measured the box and the volume (v) is 17.63 cubic centimeters (cm3) and the mass (m) is 158 grams (g). The formula for density (D) is D = m/v.

DENSITY OF METALS:

Copper8.96 g/cm3

Gold19.32 g/cm3

Tin7.28 g/cm3

• copper

• gold

• tin

Multiple Choice

Jessica did an investigation about the states of matter. As part of the investigation, Jessica wanted to change a liquid into a solid. What must she do to bring about this change in state?

• Place the liquid in a different container.

• Stir the liquid as quickly and thoroughly as possible.

• Increase the energy of the liquid so that its particles move faster.

• Remove energy from the liquid so that its particles slow down.

Multiple Choice

Adding heat to a system may result in a change in temperature and possibly a change of state. Which of the following could result from heat being transferred to a substance?

• The temperature of the substance increases.

• The temperature of the substance decreases.

• The substance changes from a liquid to a solid.

• The substance changes from a vapor to a liquid.

Multiple Choice

The state of matter is an example of a physical property. Why is the state of matter considered a physical property even though a substance may change between a solid, liquid, and gas?

• The property can be easily observed.

• The chemical nature of the substance does not change.

• Solids, liquids, and gases have different chemical compositions from one another.

• The state of matter depends on the amount of substance present.

Multiple Choice

In a neutralization reaction, an acid and a base neutralize each other. Water is one of two products that are produced from the neutralization reaction. What is the other product?

• a gas

• a salt

• a metal

• a protein

Multiple Choice

In a science lab, two students use a balance to measure the mass of a box containing a small crystal. The mass of the box is 12 grams (g). One of the students accidentally drops the box when removing it from the balance, and the crystal breaks into 20 pieces. What happens to the mass of the box and crystal after the crystal is broken?

• The mass remains the same

• The mass can not be determined

• The mass increases by a factor of 20.

• The mass decreases by a factor of 20.

Multiple Choice

On a warm day, Bridget places an open bottle of water outside in a sunny area. Later, she notices that there is less water in the bottle than there was earlier.

What most likely happened to the water that is no longer in the bottle?

• Energy from the Sun destroyed the water.

• Energy from the Sun compressed the volume of the water.

• Energy from the Sun changed the liquid water into water vapor.

• Energy from the Sun transformed the water into another compound.

Multiple Choice

A student measures the mass of a beaker containing water to be 250 grams (g). She adds table salt to the beaker and stirs until all of the salt is dissolved and the solution is clear. How does the addition of salt affect the mass of the beaker and its contents?

• The mass of the beaker and its contents is still 250 g

• The mass of the beaker and its contents is now less than 250 g

• The mass of the beaker and its contents is now greater than 250 g.

• The mass of the beaker and its contents depends on whether new atoms are formed.

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Multiple Choice

A student measures the mass of a beaker containing water to be 250 grams (g). She adds table salt to the beaker and stirs until all of the salt is dissolved and the solution is clear. How does the addition of salt affect the mass of the beaker and its contents?

• The mass of the beaker and its contents is still 250 g

• The mass of the beaker and its contents is now less than 250 g

• The mass of the beaker and its contents is now greater than 250 g.

• The mass of the beaker and its contents depends on whether new atoms are formed.

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