1.9 Carbon

Significance of Carbon

1.9

Learning Objectives

• Explain why carbon is essential to life on Earth

• List the four major types of organic compounds

• Name the monomers of Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids

• Identify the main functions of the four types of compounds

Open Ended

What is carbon?

Multiple Choice

Which of these is not true about Carbon?

• It is the most important element to life.

• It is the main element in inorganic compounds.

• It is able to form very stable bonds.

• It can be found in DNA.

Why is carbon essential to life on Earth?

• 6th element on the periodic table

• A compound found mainly in living things is known as an organic compound.

• Carbon is the main element in organic compounds

Multiple Choice

Carbon is essential to life because it is the main element in inorganic compounds.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What is the an important element for living things.

• Neon

• Hydrogen

• Helium

• Carbon

Multiple Choice

A molecule( also known as a compound) is formed when two or more ____________ chemically join together.

• Atoms

• Compounds

• Mixtures

• Solutions

Carbon makes organic compounds, so what?

• A compound is a substance that consists of two or more elements.

• The smallest particle of a compound is called a molecule.

• Consider water: two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen. Held together by chemical bonds.

• A chemical bond is a force that holds molecules together; they are formed from reactions.

4 types of Organic Compounds, their functions, and their functions.

• There nearly 10 million carbon-based compounds in living things. However all of them can be grouped into just 4 major types.

Multiple Choice

The four organic compounds found in living things are?

• Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, and Oxygen

• Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Carbon

• Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

• Carbon, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates

• Sugars, starches

• Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

• Provides energy to cells, stores energy, forms body structures

• monosaccharide

Multiple Choice

What is the function of a carbohydrate?

• Stores energy
• Movement
• Stores genetic information
• Speeds up reactions

Lipids

• fats,oils

• Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

• Stores energy, forms cell membranes, carries messages

Multiple Choice

Lipids are made up of carbon, hydrogen and ___________.

• Chlorine

• Nitrogen

• Oxygen

• Helium

Proteins

• Enzymes, antibodies

• Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur

• Helps cells keep their shape, makes up muscles, speeds up chemical reactions, carries messages and materials

• Amino acid

Multiple Choice

The diagram shows the structure of an amino acid. Which type of molecule is formed from amino acids?

• lipids
  
• proteins
  
• carbohydrates
  
• nucleic acids
  

Nucleic Acids

• DNA, RNA

• Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous

• Contains instructions for proteins, passes instructions from parents to offspring, helps make proteins.

• nucleotide

Multiple Choice

DNA and RNA are examples of...

• proteins
• nucleic acids
• carbohydrates
• lipids

Multiple Choice

What is the function of nucleic acids?

• Stores energy
• Stores genetic information
• Movement
• Physical structure

Multiple Choice

A monosaccharide is a

• carbohydrate
• lipid
• nucleic acid
• protein