Methodology in Philosophy

Methodology in Philosophy

Philosophy is the love of wisdom or pursuit of Truth

SOCRATES

• Socrates method: Interrogation

• According to his pupil Plato he used the question and answer method.

• He saw himself as a "midwife" helped the individual give birth to ideas within his own mind.

• Truth is inborn, or native to the human mind.

• Men knew them in a previous existence(preexistence)

ZENO

• Pupil of Parmenides developed a method for determining truth by reducing alternative positions of the absurd.

• The ultimate reality in the universe was one,not many.

• He´s method is of enduring value for philosophy, for no position that generates contradictions can be considered true.

• The law of non-contradiction is one of the fundamental principles of logical thought.

• The method is helpful in argumen. One can assume the premises of an opponent and prove them to be false by reducing them to a contradiction.

ARISTOTLES

• First Western philosopher to elaborate the rules for deductive reasoning.

• Arguing from the general to the particular

• Ex. If all horses are four-legged animals, and Black beauty is a horse. Then Black beauty is a four-legged animal.

• Syllogism: the standard form of the deductive argument.

BACON

• From scholastic "spiders" to scientific "bees"

• tool for scientific discovery and urged that experimentation be combined with it.

• He formulated the basic rules of induction

BACON

• From scholastic "spiders" to scientific "bees"

• tool for scientific discovery and urged that experimentation be combined with it.

• He formulated the basic rules of induction

• One of the greatest contributors of Empiricism, the concept that experimentation and gathered experience will equate to knowledge.