F6 E1 Past paper practice (MCQ & DRQ on external processes)

F6 E1 Past paper practice 2

Multiple Choice

p.1 1991 Q12

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.4 1994 Q5

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.5 1996 Q3

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.7 1997 Q14

[the feature shown in the photo is gully /rill.]

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.8 1998 Q14

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.10 1999 Q24

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.13 2001 Q16

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.15 2002 Q19

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.16 2002 Q20

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.16 2002 Q21

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.17 2003 Q21

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.18 2003 Q24

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.19 2004 Q17

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

p.19 2004 Q18

• A

• B

• C

• D

1995 Q3 [Name Form A, Feature B and Process C]

Fill in the Blanks

Form A is

Fill in the Blanks

Feature B is a ...

Fill in the Blanks

Process C is

2019 Q1(b)

Explain the formation of feature R. (4 marks)

Multiple Choice

It is formed by _____ weathering.

• physical

• chemical

Fill in the Blanks

It is formed by physical weathering when p_____ r______ occurs on rocks.

Fill in the Blanks

The outer layer of rocks (those near to the surface) is weathered and

away.

Fill in the Blanks

The inner layer of rocks thus e

and exposed.

Fill in the Blanks

A series of fractures parallel to the ground surface is produced by a process called s

.

Explain the formation of feature R. (4 marks)

It is formed by physical weathering when pressure release occurs on rocks.

The outer layer of rocks (those near to the surface) is weathered and eroded.

The inner layer of rocks thus expanded and exposed.

A series of fractures parallel to the ground surface is produced by a process called sheeting.

Account for the type of mass wasting at the site of feature R. (2 marks)

Multiple Choice

Description: This type of mass wasting is _____.

• rockfall

• landslide

Fill in the Blanks

Explanations: It is because the vertical slope surface has increased s____ s____ of the slope.

Fill in the Blanks

Explanation: When shear stress is greater than shear strength, rock pieces will fall to the base of slope due to

.

2019 Q1(c)

What is the physical weathering process shown?

Multiple Choice

What is the physical weathering process shown?

• changes in temperature

• changes in pressure

• salt crystal growth / salt cyrstallization

• pressure release

Discuss the importance of rock structure and water in salt crystal growth.

Open Ended

Discuss the importance of rock structure and water in salt crystallization.

Rock structure and water are both important. It is because...

Rocks with ..... (structure) allow water .......

For example: (name a type of rock)

..... will grow and exert pressure on the rock.

It then breaks in forms of .....

2016 Q1(b)

Identify landform X.

Fill in the Blanks

X is a

.

Explain how the characteristics of rock favour the formation of landform X. (6 marks)

Open Ended

Give an example of plutonic rock.

Open Ended

Plutonic rocks, e.g. granite have the following characteristics which favour the formation of a gully/badland.

[Give 2 relevant examples]

The characteristics of granite

• coarse-grained, compose of minerals, e.g. feldspar and mica

• well-jointed

Open Ended

How does it favour the formation of landform X?

E.g. granite contains feldspar and mica which are ......

How to favour the formation of landform X.

• feldspar and mica in granite are less resistant/vulerable to weathering

Open Ended

How does it favour the formation of landform X?

Granite is also well-jointed, thus ....

How to favour the formation of landform X.

• feldspar and mica in granite are less resistant to weathering

• well-jointed rock also allows water to seep through the joints

• chemical weathering takes place e.g. hydration and hydrolysis

• break the rock easily to form regolith

• This produces a deep weathered profile

• weathered materials are easily eroded by running water and wind (wind and water erosion)

• to form rills

• when rills are widened and enlarged.

• gullies are formed.

2018 Q1b

Study question (b)(i)

Fill in the Blanks

With reference to Figures 1b and 1c, the

factors should be used to do the explanation.

Open Ended

Briefly describe the climatic characteristics.

climatic characteristics

• hot and wet

Open Ended

Briefly describe the characteristics of granite.

rock characteristics

• composed of easily weathered materials, e.g. feldspar --> clay

• well-jointed rock

rock characteristics + climatic factors

• composed of easily weathered materials, e.g. feldspar --> clay

• well-jointed rock

• water seeps through the joints

• hot and wet climate

• accelerates spheroidal weathering / chemical weathering

• rock near to surface and along joints completely weathered to form regolith

• ​rock beneath and away from joints are partially weathered forming corestones

• unweathered rock is found near bottom of the profile

rock characteristics + climatic factors

• rock beneath and away from joints are partially weathered

• unweathered rock near bottom of the profile forming corestones

Qb(ii)

Explain the formation of landform feature Z with reference to the weathering profile.

Fill in the Blanks

Landform feature Z is

.

Open Ended

Explain the formation of tors.

Formation of tor

• the completed weathered materials are fine and loose

• ​top soil exposed to the surface

• easily carried away by erosion agents

• e.g. heavy rainfall

• unweathered corestones piled up

• to form tors

Poll

Do you think tors on slopes may induce mass wasting?

• yes

• no

Fill in the Blanks

The type of mass wasting that may induce is

.

Open Ended

What are some key words to use in the explanation?

Yes, it induces mass wasting

• rocks on the slopes are unstable

• decreases shear strength of slope materials

• slope may fail easily as the shear stress > shear strength of slope

• mass wasting, e.g. rockfall may occur

2015 Qb

Fill in the Blanks

The type of mass wasting in area X is

.

Open Ended

Give photo evidence to support your answer.

evidence

• it is because there is large amount of rock debris found at the base of the slope (screes)

2014

Multiple Choice

Qa(i) Which type of rock should be described?

• volcanic rock

• plutonic rock

• sedimentary rock

characteristics of sedimentary rocks

• they are old sedimentary rock

• fine-grained

• layered structure / stratification

• may contain fossils

• less resistant to weathering

Multiple Choice

(b) Which internal process shape feature X?

• folding

• faulting

• volcanism

Draw

Draw 2 annotated diagrams to explain how folding shaped feature X.

Open Ended

c(i) What are the possible physical factors leading to the formation of feature Y?

geological factor (rock)

• presence of joints

• bare rock surface

location factor

• near to the coast

• in tidal zone

Open Ended

c(ii) What are some key phrases that you are going to put in the table to compare the weathering processes?

2013

Open Ended

a(i) Describe the distribution pattern of reclamation areas in Hong Kong. (2 marks)

The distribution of reclamation areas in Hong Kong

• Concentrated on both sides of Victoria Harbour

• scattered along coast of the NT, mostly at new towns

• e.g.around Tolo Harbour

Fill in the Blanks

(a)(ii) Reclamation has modified the coastal areas, e.g. coastlines have been ______ and _______.

Open Ended

(a)(ii) Reclamation has modified the coastal areas, e.g. coastlines have been straightened and shortened. Give one example.

Open Ended

(a)(ii) Reclamation has modified the coastal areas, e.g. islands disappear. Give one example.

Multiple Choice

(b)(i) Reclamation materials A is ..

• public fill

• rock fill

• marine sand fill

Multiple Choice

(b)(i) Reclamation materials B is ..

• public fill

• rock fill

• marine sand fill

Open Ended

(b)(ii) Why greater environmental impacts? What are some key words in the answer?

Multiple Choice

What is the rock type at site X?

• Tuff

• Granite

• Conglomerate

• Siltstone

Poll

Do you think granite is suitable for rock cavern development?

• Yes

• No

Open Ended

Some said it is suitable. Can you tell some characteristics of granite that can help to explain this?

Characteristics of granite

• Hard

• Well-jointed

• So easy to excavate

• (Actually, many tunnels / MTR stations are built inside inside plutonic rocks)

Open Ended

However, some said that it is not suitable. Refer to the figure, can you tell why?

Characteristics of granite

• Pervious / permeable

• Less resistant to weathering

• near to major fault line

• Risk of rock displacement

• So, supporting structures are needed

Textbook p.129 Q3

Fill in the Blanks

a(i)Name the type of rock that can be found at Site X.

Open Ended

a(ii) Give some key words in describing the formation of granite.

formation of granite

• intrusive volcanism

• magma cools and solidifies within the crust

• slow cooling rate

• crystallization

Open Ended

a(iii) account for the increasing demand for this type of rock in Hong Kong.

The demand is increasing because ...

• granite is a good building materials for its hardness and texture

• can be used to make concrete, asphalt

• demand for aggregates in HK has been high due to rapid development

• it is used for construction of buildings, roads

• also used for reclamation

Fill in the Blanks

b(i) This human activity is called...

Open Ended

b(ii) Explain the adverse impacts cuased by rock quarrying. Give some key words.

Environmental impacts of quarrying (getting rock fill)

• machines cause noise pollution

• dust produced leads to air pollution

• rock debris and soil washed to river causes water pollution

• complete removal of natural vegetation

• destroy natural habitats

• reduce biodiversity

• scares on slope cause visual pollution

Poll

c. Do you think it is a wise choice?

• yes

• no

Open Ended

Some believed that it is a wise choice because... (Give 2 reasons)

It is a wise choice because

• this can slow down urban encroachment

• protect other physical landscapes from further development

• the exposed area has been covered with cement

• protect the area from further erosion

• together with the urban drainage system which reduces runoff on bare slopes, the risk of landslides will be reduced

Open Ended

Some believed that it is NOT a wise choice because... (Give 2 reasons)

It is not a wise decision because...

• both quarrying and urban development damage the physical landscape

• tall buildings may breach the natural ridgeline behind

• further change the physical landscape to an urban landscape completely

• should reforest the area to restore the physical landscape