The Enlightenment

Scientific Revolution

An Overview of the 18c

• ►Political History à>>> Reform

• ► Intellectual History à Newtonian  Physicsà Reason

• ►Cultural History à Individualism

• ►Social History à Increased Literacy

                        à “Age of Aristocracy”

18c Politics

•  BRITAIN à– Constitutional Monarchy

• FRANCE à Royal Absolutism

                        (cultural and religious unity)

• PRUSSIA, HABSBURG EMPIRE,

     RUSSIA à “Enlightened Despotism”

• OTTOMAN EMPIRE –à traditional

                                             empire

The Origins of Enlightenment?

• physico-theology – an attempt (inspired by science) to explain God’s Providence by reference to his work in nature & not primarily through his biblical Word.

  
  

• support of a “rational” religion, free

  from mysteries, miracles, and

  superstitions.

Multiple Choice

an attempt

(inspired by science) to explain God’s Providence by reference to his work in nature & not primarily through his biblical Word is ...

• physico-theology

• Deism

• Radicalism

Multiple Choice

The French form of government

• Constitutional Monarchy

• Royal Absolutism

• Enlightened Despotism

Multiple Choice

The belief in the existence of a God or supreme being but a

denial of revealed religion, basing

one’s belief on the light of nature

and reason is known as

• Protestantism

• Christian evangelicalism

• Deism

 RELIGIOUS

• Deism

• The belief in the existence of a God or supreme being but a

  denial of revealed religion, basing

  one’s belief on the light of nature

  and reason.

► RELIGIOUS:

• Deists saw no point in any particular

  religion; they recognized only a distant

  God, uninvolved in the daily life of man

• 
  

The Origins of Enlightenment

• Pantheism

• The belief that God and

  nature are one and the same.

• Gradually, highly educated Protestants & Catholics thought more about God’s work as revealed through science, rather than through the Scriptures.

Multiple Choice

The belief in the existence of a God or supreme being but a

denial of revealed religion, basing

one’s belief on the light of nature

and reason defines

• Deism

• Theology

• Pantheism

• Jainism

Multiple Choice

The belief that God and

nature are one and the same is...

• Pantheism

• Deism

• Protestantism

• Jainism

The Characteristics of the Enlightenment

• Rationalism à reason is the arbiter of all things

• Secularism à application of the methods of science to religion &

                    philosophy.

• Freedom - Of thought and expression.

  Bring liberty to all men (modern battle against absolutism).

• Constitutionalism

  §Written constitutions à listing citizens, rights.

John Locke (1632-1704)

• ►Two Treatises of

  Government, 1690 

• ►Legislators owe their power to a contract

  with the people.

• ►There are certain natural rights that are endowed by God to all human beings.

  life, liberty, property!

• The doctrine of the Divine Right of Kings was nonsense

Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)

• ►In The Social Contract:

• The right kind of political order could make people truly moral and free.

  §Individual moral freedom could be achieved only by learning to subject one’s individual interests to the “General Will.”

• §Individuals did this by entering into a social contract not with their rulers, but with each other.

Multiple Choice

Who coined the phrase "Life, Liberty. Property" ?

• John Locke

• Voltaire

Multiple Choice

Who wrote the Social Contract

• Voltaire

• John Locke

• Jean Jaques Rousseau

• Issac Newton

Voltaire (1712-1778)

• ►Every man is guilty of all the good he

     didn’t do.

• ►God is a comedian playing to an audience

     too afraid to laugh.

• ►If God did not exist, it would be necessary

     to invent him.

• ► I may not agree with what you have to say,

     but I will defend to the death your right to

     say it.

Denis Diderot (1713-1784)

• All things must be examined, debated, investigated without exception and without regard for anyone’s feelings.

• Diderot’s Encyclopédie 

  
  

• Complete cycle of knowledge…………...…

  change the general way of thinking

• First published in 1751

Multiple Choice

Who created the first encyclopedia

• Denis Diderot

• Voltaire

• David Hume

• Edward Gibbons

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a NOT characteristic of the Enlightenment

• Rationalism

• Secularism

• Antinomianism

• Constitutionalism

Multiple Choice

True or False: Martin Luther nailed 95 thesis on the church in 1492

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The system of government were the Monarch controls social, political, religious and economic aspects of life is known as

• Divine Right

• Absolutism

• Neither of these choices are correct

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the "Sun King"

• Louis XIV

• Charles I

• Henry XVIII

• Elizabeth I