accusative plural

accusative plural

A quick review

• Nominative case is the subject of a sentence

• Accusative case is the direct object of a sentence

What that means...

• When you see the a Latin word has a nominative ending, you translate it in front of the verb:

• Pater filiam vocat.

• The father calls the daughter.

Also...

• When something has an accusative ending, you translate it after the verb.

• Pater filiam vocat.

• The father calls the daughter.

So how do you tell what case it is?

• You memorize the endings!

• Remember that Latin nouns belong to families called declensions.

• When you know that a word belongs to a certain declension, you look at its ending to find out its function in the sentence.

• Right now, we know three declensions. (there are five)

First declension

• nominative singular: a

• puella- the girl (subject)

• nominative plural: ae

• puellae- the girls (subject)

• accusative singular: am

• puellam- the girl (direct object)

Second declension

• nominative singular: us

• amici- the friend (subject)

• nominative plural: i

• amici- the friends (subject)

• accusative singular: um

• amicum- the friend (direct object)

Third declension

• nominative singular: varies

• imperator- the emperor (subject)

• nominative plural: es

• imperatores- the emperors (subject)

• accusative singular: em

• imperatorem- the emperor (direct object)

Multiple Choice

How do we say THE PARROTS as the subject?

• psitaccus

• psitacci

• psitaccum

• psitacces

Multiple Choice

How do we say THE BUSINESSMAN as the direct object?

• negotiator

• negotiatores

• negotiatorem

• negotiatorum

Multiple Choice

How do we say THE CHARIOTEER as the direct object?

• auriga

• aurigae

• aurigum

• aurigam

Accusative plural

• it's now time to learn the accusative plural

• we will look at each declension and its full set of endings

• but the new endings to look out for: as (first), os (second), es (third)

First declension

• nominative singular: puella

• accusative singular: puellam

• nominative plural: puellae

• accusative plural: puellas

Second declension

• nominative singular: amicus

• accusative singular: amicum

• nominative plural: amici

• accusative plural: amicos

Third declension

• nominative singular: imperator

• accusative singular: imperatorem

• nominative plural: imperatores

• accusative plural: imperatores

A quick note about third declension

• You may have noticed that, in the third declension, the -es ending is used for both the nominative and the accusative plural.

• Look at the following sentence:

  mercātōrēs canēs spectant.

• How do we know whether the merchants are watching the dogs, or the dogs are watching the merchants? Unless there’s a strong reason to think otherwise, assume the nominative is first. So this sentence means The merchants are watching the dogs.

Multiple Choice

Give the ACCUSATIVE PLURAL of the following word:

via

• viam

• vias

• vios

• vies

Multiple Choice

Give the ACCUSATIVE PLURAL of the following word:

ludus

• ludum

• ludas

• ludos

• ludes

Multiple Choice

Give the ACCUSATIVE PLURAL of the following word:

fur

• furem

• furas

• furos

• fures

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct Latin form of the word to make the Latin sentence match the English translation:

Pater ______ videt.

The father sees a thief.

• fur

• furem

• fures

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct Latin form of the word to make the Latin sentence match the English translation:

Puellae ______ spectant.

The girls look at the charioteers.

• aurigae

• aurigam

• aurigas

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct Latin form of the word to make the Latin sentence match the English translation:

Senex ______ spectat.

The old man watches the merchants.

• mercator

• mercatorem

• mercatores