Lewis Bobby Ch.23

Lewis Bobby Ch.23

Lewis Bobby

Nationalism- A strong since of pride and loyalty to ones nation or culture.

• As the fighting started, the alliance between

  Austria-Hungary and Germany came to be

  known as the Central Powers.

war. It

began to mobilize, or prepare its military for

war.

• Bulgaria and the

  Ottoman Empire later sided with the Central

  Powers. France, Russia, and Britain were known

  as the Allied Powers.

• On June 28, 1914, Archduke Francis

  
  

  Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-

  Hungary, visited the province’s capital of

  
  

  Sarajevo with his wife, Sophie.

• Part of what made World War I so long and

  deadly was a new technique called trench

  warfare — defending a position by fi ghting

  from the protection of deep ditches.

• After a year of vicious fighting, the war had

  become a stalemate— a situation in which

  neither side can win a decisive victory.

• The Germans responded by using

  submarines called U-boats. U-boats launched

  torpedoes against Allied supply ships, causing

  heavy losses.

• warning. In May 1915 a German U-boat sank

  the Lusitania, a British passenger liner.

• The United States stepped closer to

  war when Americans found out about

  the Zimmermann Note. This secret telegram

  
  

  to Mexico sent by the German foreign min-

  ister, Arthur Zimmermann, was decoded and

  
  

  then published by American newspapers in

  
  

  March 1917.

• To prepare the U.S. military, Congress

  passed the Selective Service Act in 1917. The

  act required men between the ages of 21 and

  30 to register to be drafted.

• The government raised taxes

  and issued war bonds. Money from the sale

  of these Liberty bonds provided billions of

  dollars in loans to the Allies.

• President Wilson set up the National War

  Labor Board in April 1918. The board helped

  workers and management avoid strikes and

  reach agreements.

• They wanted the U.S. troops, known as the American

  Expeditionary Force (AEF), to join French and British units.

• Communists— people who favor the equal

  distribution of wealth and the end of all

  forms of private property.

• The armistice, or truce, went into effect on

  the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th

  month of 1918.

• The final point called for the creation of an

  international assembly of nations called the

  League of Nations.

• Republican senator Henry Cabot Lodge

  declared: “No peace that satisfied Germany in

  any degree can ever satisfy us.” Lodge wanted

  the winners to set the terms of the peace.

• Wilson reluctantly agreed to the Treaty

  of Versailles, the peace settlement of World

  War I. In it, the League of Nations was

  established. Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania,

  
  

  Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia became inde-

  pendent countries.

• These reparations, or payments for war

  damages, were set at $33 billion. France and

  the other Allies also wanted to take control

  of large parts of German territory.

• Wilson reluctantly agreed to the Treaty

  of Versailles, the peace settlement of World

  War I.