Snapshot 1 Lobo Review

Snapshot 1 Lobo Review

This review will go over topics that were covered on Snapshot 1. These include: transport, biomolecules, DNA, cell cycle, and genetic mutations.

Passive Transport

• Movement of particles down the concentration gradient (high --> low)

• Three types of passive transport:

• Diffusion

• Facilitated Diffusion

• Osmosis

Diffusion

Movement of particles through a selectively permeable membrane from high concentration to low concentration.

Facilitated diffusion

Movement of particles through a protein from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Osmosis

Movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration

Active Transport

• Movement of molecules against the concentration gradient (low --> high).

• This type of transport requires ENERGY (ATP)

• Two types:

• Endocytosis

• Exocytosis

Endocytosis

Movement of particles to the inside of a cell from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. Requires energy!

Exocytosis

Movement of particles to the outside of a cell from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. Requires energy!

Multiple Choice

The concentration of a substance inside a cell is greater than outside the cell. What type of transport is needed to move molecules of the substance from outside the cell to inside?

• Active Transport

• Osmosis

• Passive Transport

• Diffusion

Multiple Choice

Amino acids, glucose, and ions move across the cell membrane. Their movement from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration is accomplished by special proteins in the membrane, as shown below.

• Active transport

• Facilitated diffusion

• Osmosis

• Translation

Multiple Choice

The concentration of water inside a cell is less than outside the cell. What type of transport is needed to move water from outside the cell to inside?

• Osmosis

• Active transport

• Passive transport

• Diffusion

Gene Mutations

• There are two types of Gene Mutations:

• Point

• Frameshift

Point Mutations

A mutation that occurs when one nitrogenous base is substituted with another nitrogenous base.

Frameshift

A mutation that occurs when one nucleotide gets inserted (insertion) or gets deleted (deletion).

Multiple Choice

A segment of DNA produces methionine, threonine, histidine, aspartate, and glycine when translated. A substitution mutation occurs and causes the synthesis of the segment as shown. What was the original segment of DNA?

What was the original segment of DNA?

• 3'-TACTCAGTACTTCGCACT-5'

• 3'-TACCACGTGCTAGGCACT-5'

• 3'-TACAGGGTGCTACCCACT-5'

• 3'-TACTGGGTGCTACCCACT-5'

The Cell Cycle

• Purpose: Creates two identical cells. Used for growth and repair

• Stages:

• G1: Growth phase

• S: Synthesis phase. DNA is replicated during this phase

• G2: Growth and preparation for mitosis. Organelles will be copied here

• M-Phase: Mitosis takes place here.

• Cytokinesis: Last step of the cell cycle.

Multiple Choice

The diagram below represents the cell cycle.

Which phase in the cell cycle follows (goes after) DNA replication?

• G1

• S

• G2

• Mitosis

Biomolecules

Study the chart in the next slide before answering the questions that follow.

Multiple Choice

Which statement correctly distinguishes the functions of proteins from other types of biomolecules?

• They are used to store genetic information.

• They help with the regulation of blood glucose.

• They are a major component of cell membranes.

• They are made up of several different amino acids.

Multiple Choice

The characteristics listed below can be used to describe some molecules.

1. inorganic

2. supplies energy and fiber

3. component of plant cell walls

4. part of DNA

5. made of nucleotides

• 1, 3, and 5

• 2, 3, and 4

• 2, 4, and 5

• 1, 3, and 4

DNA Components

DNA is a double helix composed of nucleotides. Both strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds that form in between two nitrogenous bases.

Each nucleotide is composed of:

1. Deoxyribose

2. Phosphate

3. Nitrogenous base

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements correctly identifies the location of the hydrogen bonds in DNA?

• Between the sugar and the phosphate of adjacent nucleotides.

• Between the phosphate and the complimentary nitrogen base.

• Between adenine and its complementary nitrogen base uracil.

• Between thymine and its complementary nitrogen base adenine.