Modals (1).

Modals (1).

can, could, may, might, must, have to, will, would, shall, should, ought to

We use modals to express:

• ability (способность, умение) (I can play the piano very well. I could walk when I was one year old.)

• obligation (обязанность, должествование) (I must stop eating so much fast food. I have to be at the lesson at 10.30 tomorrow.)

We use modals to express:

• permission (разрешение) Can I stay at Anna's this weekend, Mum? May I speak to you for a moment, Mr Connors? My parents said I could go to the party.

• advice (совет) You should tell your teacher about your problems. We ought to call if we're going to be late.

We use modals to express:

• possibility (возможность) In Russia, it can be quite hot in summer. I may be a bit late for Friday's lesson. Peter might have the right answer. There could be some easy questions on the exam.

• probability (вероятность) Mr Davies should have the report by now. The exam results ought to be on the website by now.

We use modals to express:

• certainty (уверенность) Your father is late. He must be stuck in traffic. That can't be a postman at the door. He's already been today.

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Modal verbs...

• don't change for person or tense. Not: He mights go to the cinema. He might go to the cinema

• don't use do in questions. Not: Do you can play the guitar. Can you play the guitar.

• are followed by the bare infinitive (without to). Not: I think I will to call John. I think I will call john.

Modal verbs...

• can be made negative using not or -n't. Not: You don't should speak to your mother like that. You shouldn't speak to your mother like that.

• don't have an infinitive. You have to use another word or phrase. I hope to be able to attend the meeting. Not: I hope to can attend the meeting.

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Read more about modals

SB pp.187- 188

Go to

SB p.88 ex.1