Matter Make-Up / Study Guide

Matter Make-Up / Study Guide

All matter in the universe can be described in some way. When we describe an object, we tell about its physical properties. Physical properties are things about materials that can be measured or detected by the five senses.

Color, texture, and scent are some important physical properties of matter. In physical science, more specific measurements are also used to describe physical properties. These measurements include mass, weight, volume, density, buoyance, conductivity, and solubility.

Multiple Select

When listing the physical properties of an object, which of the following might you include? Select all that apply.

• the color of the object

• how the object smells

• the taste of the objectd

• the texture of the object

• the shape of the object

Multiple Select

Select all of the items that are both spiky and green.

Weight and Mass

Have you ever had your weight measured on a scale at the doctor's office? Weight is the measure of the pull of gravity on an object. This means that the weight of something changes depending on how much gravity is pulling on it. The pull of gravity is different in different places. It is stronger at the bottom of the sea than at the top of a mountain. Therefore, the same object will weigh more at the bottom of the sea and less at the top of a mountain.

The mass of an object is related to its weight, but mass and weight are not the same. Mass (M) is the measure of the amount of matter in an object. Mass is measured in grams (g). Mass is measured on a balance by comparing the object against other objects with known masses. These objects are called balance weights. The mass of an object does not change when gravity changes. However, if you measure two objects in the same place on Earth, the one with the higher weight will also have a higher mass.

Multiple Choice

The ______ of an object depends on the pull of gravity.

• mass

• volume

• density

• weight

Multiple Choice

The ______ of an object depends how much matter is in the object.

• mass

• volume

• density

• weight

Multiple Choice

Will uses a balance in his classroom and finds that the mass of this apple is 130 g. If he finds the weight of the same apple using a scale in his classroom, what will the weight of the apple be?

• 100 g

• 130 g

• 10g

• 230 g

Multiple Choice

If James takes the apple to the top of a mountain, which measurement will change?

• weight

• mass

Multiple Choice

At the top of the mountain, the apple will weigh ______ than at sea level.

• less

• more

Multiple Choice

Robin has an old dog named Patch. The vet puts Patch on a special diet to help him get in better shape. Which of Patch's measurements is the doctor really hoping to change with the diet?

Multiple Choice

If the vet only wanted Patch to lose weight, how could Robin help this happen?

• by taking him somewhere with less gravity

• by taking him somewhere with more gravity

• by taking him somewhere with the same amount of gravity

Multiple Choice

If Patch's diet goes well and he loses mass, what will happen to his weight?

• It will also decrease.

• It will increase.

• It will stay the same.

Volume (V) is the measure of the amount of space taken up by an object. Volume is measured in cubic centimeters, which are also called milliliters. To find the volume of a rectangular object, you can multiply its length by its width by its height. This give you the total amount of space that the object fills up.

To find the volume of an object that you can easily measure, you can place it in a graduated cylinder filled part way with water. First, you must know how much water is already in the graduated cylinder. Then, you place the object in the water. Next, you record the new level of the water. Finally, you subtract the original amount of water from the final amount. This will give you the volume of the object.

Multiple Choice

What is the measure of the amount of space an object takes up?

• Weight

• Volume

• Density

Multiple Select

The volume of larger objects can be measured in meters cubed, or m³. Select the measurements that Kiki needs to know in order to find the volume of this crate (click to enlarge).

Multiple Choice

The volume of this crate (click to enlarge) is _________.

• 5 m³

• 25 m³

• 10 m³

• 7 m³

Multiple Choice

How can Kiki find the volume of this rubber ball?

• by multiplying its length, width, and height

• by putting it in a graduated cylinder that does not have water in it

• by putting it in a graduated cylinder filled with a known amount of water

• by subtracting its length, width, and height

Multiple Choice

What is the volume of Kiki's rubber ball?

• It's hard to tell

• 150 mL

• 175 mL

• 25 mL

Density

Density (D) is the amount of mass a specific volume of an object. Then, you divide the mass by the volume to get the density. Density is usually measured in grams per cubic center (g/cm³) or grams per milliliter (g/mL).

The density of an object does not change depending on how much of it you measure. This is because the mass and volume of an object do change if the amount of the object you are measuring changes. However, when you divide the mass by the volume, it will always equal the same amount.

Multiple Choice

Density is the amount of _____ that a specific ______ of an object has.

• volume; mass

• mass; volume

Multiple Choice

To calculate the density of an object, you must _____ the object's mass by its volume.

• add

• subtract

• divide

• multiply

Multiple Choice

This stick of butter (click to enlarge) has a mass of _______ g

• 12 grams

• 54 grams

• 113 grams

• 363 grams

Multiple Choice

This stick of butter (click to enlarge) has a volume of _____ cm³

• 54 cm³

• 363 cm³

• 113

• 4 oz

Multiple Choice

Darla wants to find the density of this stick of butter (click to enlarge) . Which equation should she use.

Multiple Choice

This rock has a mass of 240 grams and a volume of 80 cm³. What is the density of the rock?

• 300 g/cm³

• 3 g/cm³

• 320 g/cm³

• 160 g/cm³

Multiple Select

What will happen if this tomato is cut in half? Select all choices that are true.

• Its mass will decrease by half.

• Its density will stay the same.

• its volume will decrease by half.

• Its volume will stay the same.

• Its mass will stay the same.

Buoyancy

Buoyancy describes whether an object sinks or floats in another substance. Matter that floats in a liquid is more buoyant than the liquid. This is because the matter has a lower density, or is less dense, than the liquid. Matter that sinks in a liquid is less dense than the liquid. Sinking matter has a higher density, or is more dense, than the liquid.

Multiple Choice

_________ tells us whether or not an object will float. When an object is more buoyant, it is ______ dense.

• Volume; less

• Buoyancy; more

• Buoyancy; less

• Volume; more

Multiple Choice

This helium-filled balloon floats in the air. The density of helium must be ______ the density of the air.

• less than

• equal to

• more than

Multiple Choice

The density of all pure water is 1 g/mL. Which of these objects would sink in a tub of water?

Multiple Choice

Wendell has figured out the volume and mass of this log (click to enlarge). Use his measurements to calculate the density of the log.

The density of the log is ______ g/mL.

• 0.7

• 0.07

• 7

• 70

Multiple Choice

Will the log be buoyant in pure water?

• yes

• no

Conductivity

Some materials are very good for moving, or conducting, energy. Conductivity measures the ability of a material to move energy. Most metals are good conductors. That is why wires made out of metals, like copper, are used to help electricity flow from an outlet to a light bulb. Most metals are also good at carrying heat energy. That is why many pots and pans are made of metal. Water can also be a conductor. That is why it is dangerous to go swimming in a thunderstorm.

Some materials have very low conductivity, like rubber and silicone. These materials are used in objects that insulate conductors, so they are called insulators. For example, metal wires are wrapped in rubber tubes to keep electricity inside the wire so that people do not shock themselves or start a fire from a spark. People often use silicone for cooking utensils so that the utensils do not melt when touching a hot pan.

Multiple Choice

Conductivity measures the ability of a material to _________.

• create energy.

• move energy.

• destroy energy.

Multiple Select

Select the materials with high conductivity.

Multiple Choice

When Lane rubs her feet against the carpet, static electricity builds up. If she touches the doorknob on her bedroom door, her touch creates a small shock. Which of the following must be true?

• Humans cannot be conductors.

• Humans can be conductors.

• Lane is made of metal.

Solubility

Some matter dissolves, or mixes completely, when stirred into another substance. Solubility is the measure of how much of one substance can dissolve in another. Higher solubility means that a larger amount of a substance can dissolve in another. However, even highly soluble materials have a limit. For example a teaspoon of sugar will dissolve in a cup of tea, but if you keep pouring sugar into the tea, eventually the water in the tea would not be able to dissolve any more sugar. In that case, you would be able to see the sugar crystals at the bottom of the tea cup.

Multiple Choice

Complete the sentence below.

Solubility is the measure of how much of one substance can ___________.

• dissolve in another

• melt in another

• dissolve in itself

Multiple Choice

Samuel is swimming in the ocean. He can see and feel a lot of sand on the ocean floor under his feet. When he dives under the surface. he can taste salt in the water, although he cannot see any salt. Which substance is soluble in the water?

Multiple Select

Ellie's aunt uses powdered laundry detergent. The powder is a substance that dissolves in water. One day, Ellie decides to help her aunt with the laundry. However, when she pulls her clothes out of the washer, they have some white powder on them. It smells fresh and clean, and Ellie realizes that the powder is laundry detergent.

What has happened?

• Some of the detergent was not soluble due to the amount of water in the washer.

• Ellie put too much laundry detergent in the washer.

• All of the detergent was soluble due to the amount of water in the washer.

• Ellie did not put enough laundry detergent in the washer.

Multiple Choice

What is a physical property?

• the measure of the amount of matter in an object

• the measure of the amount of matter in a given volume of an object

• the measure of the pull of gravity on an object

• something about a material that can be measured or detected by the senses

Multiple Choice

Weight is ________.

• the measure of the amount of space taken up by an object

• the measure of the amount of matter in an object

• whether an object sinks or floats

• the measure of the pull of gravity on an object

Multiple Choice

What is mass?

• whether an object sinks or floats

• the measure of the amount of matter in an object

• the ability of a material to carry energy

• the measure of the amount of space taken up by an object

Multiple Choice

What is volume?

• the measure of how much of one substance can dissolve in another

• the measure of the amount of energy in a material

• the measure of the height of an object

• the measure of the amount of space taken up by an object

Multiple Choice

Density is _______.

• the measure of the amount of matter in a given volume of an object

• the measure of how much of one substance can dissolve in another

• the measure of the width and length of an object

• the measure of the amount of energy in a material

Multiple Choice

What is buoyancy?

• the measure of how much of one substance can dissolve in another

• whether an object shrinks or grows

• whether an object sinks or floats

• the ability of a material to carry energy

Multiple Choice

Conductivity is ________.

• the measure of how much of one substance can dissolve in another

• the measure of how much energy is in a material

• the ability of a material to carry water

• the ability of a material to carry energy

Multiple Choice

This car has a mass of 1360 kg and weighs 1360 kg. If taken onto the Moon, where the force of gravity is less, what will happen to the car?

• Its mass will increase.

• Its mass will decrease.

• Its weight will increase.

• its weight will decrease.

Multiple Choice

What is the volume of this box?

• 10 cm

• 1000 cm

• 30 cm

• 100 cm

Multiple Select

Select the things that you would need in order to calculate the volume of a golf ball.

Multiple Choice

Roberto has two shoeboxes that are exactly the same size. One shoebox contains his rock collection. The other shoebox is empty. Which of the shoeboxes has a higher density?

• the shoebox full of rocks

• the empty shoebox

Multiple Choice

Which of these items would be buoyant in this water?

Multiple Choice

Which of these labels would be properly placed on the yellow pot holder? (click to enlarge image)

• conductor

• insulator

Multiple Choice

Dana is making hot chocolate from her favorite hot chocolate powder. She stirs the powder into warm milk. Most of the powder dissolves, but some of it does not. Which of the following statements are true?

• The powder is soluble in the milk, but there was not enough milk to dissolve all of the powder.

• The powder is soluble in the milk, but there was not enough powder to dissolve all of the milk.

• The milk is soluble in the powder, but there was not enough powder to dissolve all of the milk.

• The powder was not soluble in the milk.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are physical properties of this rocking chair?

• smooth

• wooden

• brown

• all of the above

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements accurately describe the differences between weight and mass?

Check all that are true.

• Mass changes at the top of a mountain.

• Weight only changes when mass changes.

• Weight and mass are the same thing.

• Weight changes depending on gravity.

• Mass stays the same everywhere in the universe.

Multiple Select

What does David need to do in order to find the volume of this box? Check all that are true.

• measure the length

• measure the width

• measure the height

• add the measurements together

• multiply the measurements together

Multiple Select

What does Tasha need to do in order to find the volume of this comb? Check all that are true.

• Fill a graduated cylinder with a known amount of water.

• Record the level of water after the comb is placed in the graduated cylinder.

• Find the difference between the amount of water after the comb is added to the graduated cylinder and the original amount of water.

• Measure and divide the length, width, and height of the comb.

Multiple Select

Quinton knows that the volume of his video game controller is 39 mL. What does he need to do to find the density of the controller?

Check all that are true.

• He needs to use a balance to find the mass of the controller.

• He needs to use a scale to find the weight of the controller.

• He needs to divide the mass by the volume of the controller.

• He needs to divide the weight by the volume of the controller.

Multiple Choice

Petunia has a marble with a density of 2.76 g/mL. The density of pure water is 1 g/mL. Which of the following are true about the marble?

• It will float because it is more dense than water.

• The marble will be buoyant in the water.

• The marble will not be buoyant in the water.

• It will sink because it is more dense than water.

Multiple Choice

A power line was ripped in half during a storm in Kylie’s neighborhood. There are metal wires poking out of the black rubber tube that covers the power lines. Firefighters are coming to clear the power lines away. Which part of the power line should the firefighters NOT touch when moving the power line?

• the metal wires poking out, because they insulate electricity

• the black rubber tube, because it conducts electricity

• the black rubber tube, because it insulates electricity

• the metal wires poking out, because they conduct electricity

Multiple Choice

Rhonda likes to take baths. She has bath salts and bath oils that she likes to add to the hot water. The salts dissolve completely in the water, but the oil swirls around on the surface, never mixing with the water. Which substance is soluble in water?

• the oil

• the salt

• the water

• none of the above