Modals of Necessity

Modals of Necessity

Must, have to, have got to

1. MUST

positive, negative, past tense

Must + base verb (Positive)

• meaning: no choice!

• meaning: it's a rule or a law!

• We must have a passport to travel.

• I must sign-in by 11:00

• I must study tonight...NO!!!! This is not a rule or a law!!! MUST is TOO STRONG!

Must not + base verb (negative)

• meaning: prohibited (not allowed!!)

• meaning: no choice!

• Students must not smoke.

• Students must not cheat!

Must...Past Tense

• There is no past tense for MUST!

• I had to bring my passport to the airport.

• We had to follow the rules when we went on the trip.

• 
  

2. Have to

positive, negative, past tense

Have to + base verb (Positive)

• meaning: need to! (like "must" but not as strong)

• more common than "must" - especially when speaking

• I have to study tonight.

• They have to clean their rooms because they are very messy.

• She has to go to her running club every Sunday.

don't/doesn't have to + base verb (negative)

• Meaning: not necessary!!!

• We don't have to go to school on Saturdays. (It isn't necessary)

• I don't have to wash my hair tonight. (It isn't necessary)

• She doesn't have to study hard. (She is very smart!)

• 
  

had to + base verb (past tense)

didn't have to + base verb (past tense)

• meaning: it was necessary / it wasn't necessary

• We didn't have to go to activity last week. (It wasn't necessary)

• She had to exercise last night (because she didn't exercise in the morning)

• I had to study last night because I have a test today.

3. Have got to

positive (no negative, no past tense)

have / has got to + base verb (positive)

• meaning: same has/have to!

• meaning: It is necessary

• He has got to wash his clothes tonight.

• We have got to hurry or we will be late for class.

Multiple Choice

All passengers __________ go through a security check at the airport.

• must

• has to

Multiple Choice

Ms. Fast ________ wake up early tomorrow!

• must

• have to

• has to

Multiple Choice

Excuse me Ms. Fast. I ________ leave class early today.

• must

• have to

• has to

Multiple Choice

I can hear you. You _________ shout.

• must not

• don't have to

Multiple Choice

We have lots of time for the exam. We __________ hurry!

• must not

• don't have to

Multiple Choice

We __________ drink alcohol when we are 12 years old.

• must not

• don't have to

Multiple Choice

Yesterday we ________ show security our passports.

• must have

• had to

• have got to

Multiple Choice

The president of a country _________ a man.

• must not be

• doesn't have to be

Multiple Choice

Students _________ plagiarise!

• must not

• don't have to

Multiple Choice

Last week, Ms. Fast ________ prepare lessons for us!

• must have

• had to

• had got to