NIOS 10th Home Science- Methods of Cooking

NIOS 10th Home Science

Chapter 4

Methods of Cooking

ADVANTAGES OF COOKING FOOD

or Why do we cook food ?

There are many advantages of cooking food - given in the next slides

Advantage 1

• Cooking makes food tasty

Advantage 2

• Cooking makes food softer, tender and easy to digest.

• 
  

Advantage 3

• Some food contains germs. Cooking kills these germs and makes them harmless.

• So cooking makes food safe.

Advantage 4

• Cooking improves the appearance, texture, colour, flavour of food. 

• 
  

Multiple Choice

Cooking makes food more ________

• heavy

• tasty

Multiple Choice

Cooking makes food soft and tender so it becomes easy to ________

• eat

• look at

• smell

• digest

Multiple Choice

Cooking kills

• taste

• germs

Multiple Choice

Some food contains germs. Since cooking kills germs , it makes food _______

• safe

• unhealthy

• delicious

• harmful

Multiple Choice

Cooking improves the _________ of food.

• quantity

• texture

METHODS OF COOKING FOOD

There are 3 methods of cooking food. They are

1. COOKING BY MOIST HEAT

Food is cooked using boiling water.

2. COOKING BY DRY HEAT

Food is cooked using hot air

3. COOKING BY FRYING

Food is cooked using hot oil or ghee

Multiple Choice

When food is cooked using boiling water , the method of cooking is cooking by

• moist heat

• dry heat

• frying

Multiple Choice

When food is cooked using hot air, the method of cooking is by using

• moist heat

• frying

• dry heat

Multiple Choice

When food is cooked using hot oil or ghee, the method of cooking is by

• moist heat

• dry heat

• frying

An example of cooking by moist heat is BOILING.

Food is cooked using water and the water is boiled .

Example - we boil eggs

ADVANTAGES OF BOILING

1) It is a safe and simple method

2) Boiled food is easy to digest.

DISADVANTAGES OF BOILING

1) If the water in which the food is boiled is thrown away, we lose nutrients. 

2) Boiled food is not tasty. 

PRECAUTIONS WHILE BOILING FOOD

• Food gets boiled faster if it's covered with a lid. So cover the raw food item while boiling.

• Cover the raw food item with enough water before boiling. 

• Do not boil food for too long as some nutrients may get destroyed.

Multiple Choice

One precaution that you need to take while boiling food is

• Cover the raw food item with a lid

• Do not boil food for too long as some nutrients may get destroyed.

• Both the above

Multiple Choice

In boiling, food is cooked using water and the water is boiled

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Example of cooking by boiling is boiling __________

• Pickle

• Eggs

Multiple Choice

Boiled food is difficult to digest.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

If the water in which food is boiled is thrown away, we lose _________

• taste

• smell

• nutrients

Multiple Choice

Food should not be boiled for too long or we can lose nutrients

• True

• False

Cooking by Dry heat means using hot air to cook food.

An example is baking.

ADVANTAGES OF BAKING

• 1) Baked food adds variety to our food. 

  
  

• 2) Food is safe to consume

  
  

• 3) Most microorganisms are destroyed

• 4) Baked items last long 

DISADVANTAGES OF BAKING

• 1) Special equipment called oven is required

• 2) Specialized skills are required to bake

• 
  

• 
  

PRECAUTIONS WHILE BAKING

Extra care is required to prevent injuries from burning as the oven becomes very hot. 

Multiple Choice

An example of cooking with hot air is

• boiling

• baking

• deep frying

• shallow frying

Multiple Choice

An advantage of baked food is

• Its safe to consume

• It has all the nutrients

Multiple Choice

A disadvantage of baking is

• we lose nutrients

• special equipment called oven is required

Multiple Choice

One precaution while baking is

• Oven gets hot and we could get hurt.

• Hot oil can fall on us

• Hot water can fall on us.

COOKING BY FRYING

Frying is the method of cooking food in ghee or oil.

There are 2 types of frying

1) Deep frying and 2 ) Shallow frying

Multiple Choice

What is frying ?

• Cooking food using hot water

• Cooking food in hot air

• Cooking food in hot oil or ghee

Multiple Choice

The two types of frying are

• Shallow frying and Deep frying

• Boiling and frying

• Baking and frying

DEEP FRYING

• means cooking food in a lot of hot oil or ghee. The raw food item is immersed in oil

• A kadhai is used

• Example is french fries

Multiple Choice

Deep frying means

• cooking food in a lot of oil

• cooking food in little oil

Multiple Choice

Example of deep frying is

• frying an egg

• French fries

Shallow frying means

•  means cooking food in little oil or ghee.

• Tawa or pan is used

• Example frying an egg

Multiple Choice

Shallow frying means

• cooking food in little oil

• cooking food in lot of oil

Multiple Choice

What do we use for shallow frying ?

• A Pan

• A kadhai

• A pressure cooker

• An oven

ADVANTAGES OF FRYING

• Fried food has a longer life than food cooked by other methods.

• Fried food is very tasty. 

• Frying is a quick method of cooking.

Multiple Choice

One advantage of fried food is that it is very __________

• brown

• tasty

• healthy

Multiple Choice

Frying is a quick method of cooking

• True

• False

DISADVANTAGES OF FRYING

• Fried food is difficult to digest 

• Fried food is high on calories

• Eating too much fried food is bad for health.

PRECAUTIONS WHILE FRYING FOOD 

• Food should be cut into the same sizes and shapes.

• The ghee or oil should be well heated. 

• A few pieces of food should be put one at a time.

• Fried food should be placed on a clean, absorbent kitchen napkin or brown paper. 

Multiple Choice

Shallow frying means

• cooking food in little oil

• cooking food in lot of oil

Multiple Choice

What is used for shallow frying ?

• kadhai

• frying pan

• oven

• pressure cooker

ADVANTAGES OF FRYING FOOD

• Fried food has a longer life than food cooked by other methods. 

• Fried food is very tasty. 

• Frying is a quick method of cooking. 

DISADVANTAGES OF FRYING FOOD

• Fried food is difficult to digest 

• Fried food is high on calories

• Eating too much fried food is bad for health.

PRECAUTIONS WHILE FRYING FOOD 

• Food should be cut into the same sizes and shapes. .   

• The ghee or oil should be well heated.

• A few pieces of food should be put one at a time.

Multiple Choice

Fried food has a longer life than food cooked by other methods.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Frying is a slow method of cooking

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Fried food is ________ in calories as compared to food cooked by other methods.

• low

• high

• same

CONSERVATION OF NUTRIENTS

means what we can do to save nutrients during cooking

1. Wash vegetables and fruits before cutting them.

2.

Peel the skin of vegetables and fruits as thin as possible because vitamins and minerals are found just under the skin

Multiple Choice

We should wash vegetables and fruits before cutting them

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Peel the skin of vegetables and fruits as thin as possible because vitamins and minerals are found just under the skin

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

We should cook in a open ( uncovered ) pan

• True

• False

3. Cut vegetables into big pieces just before cooking as small pieces means more loss of nutrients

Multiple Choice

When we cook spinach or ladyfinger, we should first ________ it.

• wash

• cut

• eat

• digest

4. Use lemon juice to conserve the nutrients

5. Cook in a covered pan

6. Do not overcook the food to prevent nutrient loss

How to cook spinach ( and ladyfinger)

• Step 1    First wash the spinach

• Step 2- Then cut the spinach 

• Step 3 - Cook in minimum oil in a pan.

• Step 4 - Cover the pan with a lid while cooking

FOOD ENRICHMENT 

Food enrichment means how we can increase the nutritive value of food. 

The purpose of doing food enrichment is to 

1) Help us to plan a balanced meal

2) Prevent deficiency diseases. 

There are 2 methods of Food Enrichment -

1) Combination of Food

2) Fermentation

Multiple Choice

Food enrichment means

• how we can make delicious food

• how we can make food rich

• how we can increase the nutritive value of food

Multiple Choice

The two methods of food enrichment are

• Combination and Fermentation

• Boiling and baking

1) COMBINATION OF FOOD

- It means combining foods which have different nutrients

Example of combination of food is :

Khichdi ( rice + dal = carbohydrate + protein)

Multiple Choice

Combination of food means

• eating different varieties of food

• mixing food and water

• combining foods which have different nutrients .

• eating one nutrient only

Multiple Choice

An example of combination of food is

• banana

• khichdi

• orange juice

• cucumber

Advantages of combination of food 

1) Improves the quality of food without increasing the cost. 

2) provides a balanced diet to the family.

2) FERMENTATION

Is a process where microorganisms are added to food. 

Example of food cooked by fermentation is

Idli, dosa and dhokla

Multiple Choice

Fermentation is when we add __________

• sugar to food

• salt to food

• microorganisms to food

Multiple Choice

An example of food cooked by fermentation is

• dosa

• milk shake

• dal

• rice