Origin of the Universe

Origin of the Universe

Go to Lesson 4.1 in K12 and Grab the Vocabulary Sheet

The Doppler Effect

Explains how wavelengths of light and sound change when the source is in motion

Sound and Light Moving Towards an object

• As an object gets closer to another the waves of light or sound shorten

• On a spectograph shorter light "shifts" bluer

Sound and Light Moving Away From An Object

• As an object moves away from another the waves of light or sound lenghthen

• On a spectograph longer light "shifts" redder

Spectograph

An tool that breaks apart light into it's parts, then records the results.

Our curriculum also calls it the photographic record of light waves.

Multiple Choice

As a star moves away the light appears blue

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The doppler effect causes the pitch of a sound to change as it moves closer

• True

• False

Multiple Select

The doppler effect uses the wavelength of sound or light.

• True

• False

Multiple Select

Scientists can tell how fast a star is moving by the size of the star.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

A spectograph measures the doppler effect of stars.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

The doppler effect only uses light.

• True

• False

Galaxies are Moving Away

Using the doppler effect, scientists have seen that most stars are showing a red shift, or moving away . Though there may be some objects in space moving towards our solar system, that is because we are in a space in the universe.

The Big (Bang) Theory

• Because of the red shift of most objects, scientists infer that they are all moving away from a center point that they call the singularity

• The movement from that point is known as The Big Bang.

• There is a lot of other evidence that supports this idea (left over energy in the universe from the event known as background radiation).

• This idea is known as The Big Bang Theory

Theory

An idea that is supported by and explains a wide range of observations

Scientific ideas about what would happen after an event like The Big Bang, support the idea that it happened 14 Billion Years ago.

After the Bang

• Early after the Bang, hydrogen formed then combined to make helium

• Hydrogen and helium formed massive clouds called nebula, from which large stars were formed

• Other elements formed in large stars. Stars used up their early fuel, and some larger ones exploded.

• These explosions formed large clouds of gas and dust.

• From such clouds, a solar system with a star, planets, and other bodies of different sizes could form.

Nebula

a collection or cloud of interstellar gas and dust

What happens next?

• Some scientists think that one day the universe will expand as far as it can and will rebound back into something like the sigularity in what they call The Big Crunch

• Other scientists think that observation says that its not slowing down. This doesn't make sense, but dark matter is an idea that explains it. This idea believes that most of the universe is made of dark matter.

Multiple Choice

What happens to the wavelength of a wave when it moves away from the observer?

• It gets larger

• I gets smaller

• It remains the same

Multiple Choice

What is mostly occurring with light that reaches earth frm other galaxies?

• It is blue shifted

• It is red shifted

• It hasn't changed

Multiple Choice

What does red shifted light from galaxies indicate?

• The universe is expanding

• the universe is contracting

• the universe is standing still

Multiple Choice

What does a blue shift in light indicate?

• Objects moving closer to an observer

• Objects moving away from an observer

• Objects standing still

Review

• Scientists believe the universe is expanding from a single dense object, this is known as The Big Bang Theory

• The doppler effect is how light and sound waves change as the approach and move away from an object or observer. It is the main evidence of the Big Bang

Poll

How do you feel about this lesson?

• I've got it like a boss!

• I mostly get it.

• Were you speaking Croatian?

Open Ended

Any last thoughts?

Multiple Select

What does the big bang theory state?

• The universe is expanding

• All matter was concentrated into one place at one point

• the universe is contracting

• The universe is staying still (stationary).

Multiple Choice

The big bang happened approximately how many years ago?

• 14 million years

• 14 billion years

• 14 trillion years