Quotations & Attribution

Quotations & Attribution

Direct, Indirect, Mixed, Paraphrase

Basic Rules to Follow

• Rule #1: Never create, invent or manufacture quotations

  Rule #2: Quotations present interesting, strong opinions

  Rule #3: Punctuation marks go inside quotes

  Rule #4: Always attribute every statement & opinion

  Rule #5: Quotations should begin new paragraph

  Rule #6: If a quote needs explaining then paraphrase instead

  
  

Attribution

• In most cases, the simple verb “said” is appropriate since it is neutral Example: “This is a quote,” the teacher said.

• There are other verbs you can use, but be conservative 

• Identification in Attribution

  Attribute with the name and job title.

• Generally preferred to put the attribution AFTER the quote, not before.

  Example: “This year’s textbooks are going to be more expensive,” Mary Smith, librarian, said.

Multiple Choice

Which quotations is properly punctuated?

• "Please follow APA formatting rules," the teacher said.

• "Please follow APA formatting rules", the teacher said.

• "Please follow APA formatting rules." the teacher said.

• "Please follow APA formatting rules" the teacher said.

Multiple Choice

Which information would be appropriate to put as a quotation in your article?

• The school play is this Friday.

• Jenna Johnson is playing the part of Dorothy Gale in the Wizard of Oz.

• Director Van Noy is ridiculously hilarious!

• All of the above.

Multiple Choice

Which quotation has a proper attribution?

• "Hybrid learning is the best because I can make bank working extra hours at my job," Felix Anderson said.

• "Hybrid learning is the best because I can make bank working extra hours at my job," sophomore Felix Anderson said.

• "Hybrid learning is the best because I can make bank working extra hours at my job," said Felix Anderson.

• "Hybrid learning is the best because I can make bank working extra hours at my job," said sophomore Felix Anderson.

Multiple Choice

You cannot use any of the quotes from these quiz questions in a real article because...

• the people being quoted don't go to our school

• you didn't get permission form the person who said them

• they're obviously professional sounding

• they are made up

Multiple Choice

Which statement is correct?

• Quotations should start a new paragraph

• Quotations should come at the end of the paragraph

• You should almost never use quotations in your article.

Uses of Quotes

• 1. Provides color

  2. Lends authenticity and realism to the story

  3. Increase reader interest in the story

  4. Personalizes the story for the reader

  5. Moves the story along

  6. Reveals something crucial about the subject

  7. Expresses a thought better than the writer can

  8. Reveals character traits about a subject

  9. Captures dramatic moments better than exposition could

  10.Suggest universal truths

  
  

Types of Quotations

• 1. Direct quotations

  2. Indirect quotations

  3. Paraphrased quotations

  4. Partial quotations

  5. Dialogue

Direct Quotes

• Uses the person's exact words. Contained in quotation marks.

• When using a direct quote remember:

  Faulty grammar may be polished if the person you are quoting would recognize the error in print.

• Quote must  convey the substance of the remark in full accuracy the spirit in which the remark was made Use the typical language used by the speaker

• Directly quote someone when they have said it better than you could say it through paraphrasing or indirect quotation.

• Direct quote must add something unique and interesting to the story Quirky, highly opinionated, emotional

Multiple Choice

Suppose the speaker, Principal Don Jackson, actually said:

“Well, ah, what I’m trying to get across is, maybe we ought to consider, ah, whether or not the students, you know, should be allowed to smoke anywhere on this campus.”

In print the quoted remark probably would be simplified to:

• “We ought to consider whether or not students should be allowed to smoke anywhere on this campus,” Principal Don Jackson said.

• “We should never let student smoke anywhere on campus,” Principal Don Jackson said.

• "Students think they can smoke anywhere on campus," Principal Don Jackson said.

• "What I'm trying to get across is students should be allowed to smoke anywhere on campus," Principal Don Jackson said.

Indirect Quotations

• Mostly uses the person's ideas in their words.

• A few words my be changed for clarification.

• Not in quotation marks as words are not exactly what person said.

Indirect Quotations

• Mostly uses the person's ideas in their words.

• A few words my be changed for clarification.

• Not in quotation marks as words are not exactly what person said.

Paraphrase

• Paraphrasing means using the ideas of an author, but not using his or her exact words.

• Uses the reporters words & terms

• The meaning should be the same.

• No quotation marks used.

• Attribution not needed if you are paraphrasing facts and information that can be verified elsewhere.

Mixed quotation

• A combination of direct and paraphrased quotations.

• Will have some words in quotation marks.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an indirect quotation?

• A plan is in place to investigate the pros and cons of letting students smoke on campus.

• Principal Don Jackson said that we should look into whether or not there should be a place for students to smoke on campus.

• “We ought to consider whether or not students should be allowed to smoke anywhere on this campus," Principal Don Jackson said.

• Principal Don Jackson spoke about allowing students to have a place to smoke on campus and "whether or not" we should do so.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a paraphrase?

• A plan is in place to investigate the pros and cons of letting students smoke on campus.

• Principal Don Jackson said that we should look into whether or not there should be a place for students to smoke on campus.

• “We ought to consider whether or not students should be allowed to smoke anywhere on this campus," Principal Don Jackson said.

• Principal Don Jackson spoke about allowing students to have a place to smoke on campus and "whether or not" we should do so.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a mixed quote?

• A plan is in place to investigate the pros and cons of letting students smoke on campus.

• Principal Don Jackson said that we should look into whether or not there should be a place for students to smoke on campus.

• “We ought to consider whether or not students should be allowed to smoke anywhere on this campus," Principal Don Jackson said.

• Principal Don Jackson spoke about allowing students to have a place to smoke on campus and "whether or not" we should do so.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a direct quote?

• A plan is in place to investigate the pros and cons of letting students smoke on campus.

• Principal Don Jackson said that we should look into whether or not there should be a place for students to smoke on campus.

• “We ought to consider whether or not students should be allowed to smoke anywhere on this campus," Principal Don Jackson said.

• Principal Don Jackson spoke about allowing students to have a place to smoke on campus and "whether or not" we should do so.