Why is Lagos important?

Why is Lagos important?

Whilst we wait for others to join us grab yourself a pen and paper read to take notes during the lesson.

Question: Why do you think Lagos is important?

Let's see what you can remember...

Multiple Choice

1. In which region of Africa is Nigeria located?

• West

• East

• North

• South

Multiple Choice

2. What is the official language in Nigeria?

• Nigerian

• Pidgin English

• English

• Hausa

Multiple Choice

3. What is the climate of north east Nigeria?

• Desert

• Monsoon

• Tropical savanna

• Semi-arid

Multiple Choice

4. In what sector do most people work in Nigeria?

• Primary

• Secondary

• Tertiary

• Quaternary

Multiple Choice

Lagos has experienced urban sprawl, what does this term mean?

• The migration of people from rural to urban areas

• The increasing percentage of people living in urban areas

• The growth in the size of an urban area

Why is Lagos Important?

Learning intentions:

- To describe the regional, national and international importance of Lagos

- To explain reasons for urban growth in Lagos

Recapping Lagos

• Lagos is a coastal city in south west Nigeria, an NEE

• Lagos was a fishing community but has grown to become a major port city

• Lagos is the largest city in Africa in terms of size and population

• Lagos is one of the world's fastest growing megacities, with an estimated 25 million inhabitants

When describing the importance of Nigeria we can consider a number of scales:

• The regional scale - how is it important to the south west region of Nigeria? How do the people of this area and near-by towns benefit from being located near to Lagos?

• The national scale - how is it important to the country of Nigeria? How does it contribute to Nigeria's economy, culture and status?

• The international scale - how is Lagos connected to the rest of the world? What role does it play in West Africa and the global stage?

Poll

Which of the following examples show the regional importance of Lagos?

• It has good roads that connect with local towns for trade

• It has an international airport with over 60 world destinations

• It contributes 30% of Nigeria's Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Why is Lagos important regionally?

• Lagos is a source of employment for people in the surrounding area, adding 740,146 new jobs between 2017 and 2018.

• The large migrant population has increased the cultural diversity of Lagos, making it the venue for many festivals in the region.

• It is well connected by road to near-by towns for trade.

Open Ended

Describe the regional importance of a city in an LIC/NEE you have studied (2 marks)

Describe why Lagos is important regionally

• Lagos is important regionally as many jobs are available to local people (1)

• Lagos is important regionally as many jobs are available to local people (1), which helps to reduce unemployment in the region (2)

• Lagos is important regionally because it has good road links (1)

• Lagos is important regionally because it has good road links (1), which means that nearby businesses have a market for trade (2)

• Lagos is important regionally because it is very culturally diverse (1)

• Lagos is important regionally because it is very culturally diverse (1), which means that many local festivals are celebrated here (2)

Why is Lagos important nationally?

• Lagos is the country's commercial centre, accounting for 30% of Nigeria's GDP, 80% of foreign trade flows, and 50% of Nigeria’s port revenues.

• Home to 70% of Nigeria's industry, including car assembly, food processing, metal works, and the production of paints and soap.

• National Theatre, Stadium, Museum, and Nollywood are here!

Open Ended

Describe the national importance of a city in an LIC/NEE you have studied (2 marks)

Describe why Lagos is important nationally

• ...important nationally as it contributes 30% of Nigeria's GDP (1)

• ...important nationally as it contributes 30% of Nigeria's GDP (1), adding to the economic growth of the entire country (2)

• ...important nationally as 70% of Nigeria's industry is based there (1)

• ...important nationally as 70% of Nigeria's industry is based there (1), massively contributing to the country's industrial development (2)

• ...important nationally as it is home to the national film industry (1)

• ...important nationally as it is home to the national film industry (1), which produces films for the entire population to enjoy (2)

Why is Lagos important internationally?

• Lagos International Airport flies to over 60 destinations including Dubai, London, and New York.

• One of the continent's largest ports, handling 1,500,000 TEU/yr.

• Lagos is the main financial centre for the whole of West Africa, with the 7th largest economy in Africa.

• Largest market for goods in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Open Ended

Describe the international importance of a city in an LIC/NEE you have studied (2 marks)

Describe why Lagos is important internationally

• ...important internationally as it has a large international airport (1)

• ...important internationally as it has a large international airport (1), connecting Nigeria to tourists from over 60 world destinations (2)

• ...important internationally as it has one of Africa's largest ports (1)

• ...important internationally as it has one of Africa's largest ports (1), allowing for strong trade links with countries around the globe (2)

• ...internationally as it is West Africa's main financial centre (1)

• ...internationally as it is West Africa's main financial centre (1), with the headquarters of many international businesses located here (2)

Case study knowledge check...

Answer the multiple choice questions to see what facts you can accurately recall about Lagos

Multiple Choice

What percentage of Nigeria's industry is located in Lagos?

• 70%

• 30%

• 50%

• 80%

Open Ended

What is the name of the national film industry located in Lagos?

Multiple Choice

Approximately how many international destinations does Lagos International Airport fly to?

• 20

• 40

• 60

• 80

Question: Why is Lagos growing?

Are there any differences between this graph and the one we looked at on Monday?

Open Ended

Using the figure, describe how the population of Lagos has grown over time (3 marks)

Using the figure, describe how the population of Lagos has grown over time (3 marks)

• Lago's population has grown increasingly rapidly over time (1)

• For example, in 1950 it was around 0.3 million, and by 2017 it was 13 million (2)

• Between 2014 and 2017 the population growth has slowed slightly (3)

Urban growth in Lagos

• As you can see there are different estimates of Lagos' population, varying from 10-20 million???

• As many Lagosians live in informal housing it is hard to complete a census to count!

• As more people migrate to Lagos each day it is hard to keep track!

• Births are not always registered...

Open Ended

Why do estimates of Lago's population vary?

Open Ended

Suggest why the population of Lagos is growing so rapidly?

Natural increase in Nigeria

• Nigeria's birth rate is 32.5 per 1000 per year 🕴🕴🕴🕴🕴🕴🕴🕴🕴🕴🕴🕴🕴🕴🕴🕴

• Nigeria's death rate is 9.6 per 1000 per year 💀💀💀💀

• 32.5 - 9.6 = a natural increase of 25.6 per 1000 per year

• Lagos has much better access to healthcare so the death rate it even lower!

• Lagos has a youthful population with an even higher birthrate!

Open Ended

Explain why rates of natural increase are high in many cities in NEEs/LICs (2 marks)

Why is population growth higher in cities in HICs/NEEs?

• The birthrate is higher in cities (1)

• ...due to them having a younger population (2)

• City populations are younger (1)

• ...which means the birth rate is higher as more have children (2)

• Healthcare is better in cities (1)

• ...meaning more children survive and the population grows (2)

Migration to Lagos

• The British colonised Lagos in 1861, making it a centre for trade.

• Merchants were attracted to the area, the then capital city.

• When slavery was abolished many slaves returned to Lagos.

• After independance in 1961 the government funded construction of sea ports, oil refineries and factories, creating many jobs.

• War and poverty occurred in neighboring countries.

Poll

Where do you think migrants to Lagos come from today?

• Europe

• Africa

• Asia

• Nigeria

• North America

Migrants to Lagos

• Most migrants to Lagos come from rural areas of Nigeria.

• Many come from other urban areas such as the capital Abuja.

• Many arrive from neighbouring countries such as Niger and Benin.

• A small number come from HICs like the USA and UK to work in the African headquarters of transnational corporations.

Rural to Urban Migration

• People moving from the countryside to towns and cities

• Push factors in rural Nigeria:

• Crop failure from climate change

• Boko Haram terrorism

• Mechanisation of farming

• High unemployment

• Lack of Western-style education and healthcare

Rural to Urban Migration

• Pull factors in urban Nigeria:

• A wide range of jobs, from low-skill to professional.

• Wages can be up to 4 times higher than in rural areas.

• Access to services such as electricity, running water and wifi.

• Access to education (Lagosians have an 90% literacy rate, compared to a 60% average)

Multiple Select

Which two are push factors that have caused population decline in rural areas?

• Services such as wifi and electricity are over-subscribed

• Mechanisation of farming has increased unemployment

• Easy access to a Western-syle education

• Atrocities committed against local people by terrorists

Multiple Select

Which two are pull factors that have caused population growth in Lagos?

• Construction projects have created well-paid jobs

• There are high levels of poverty in rural areas

• People believe the quality of life is better in Lagos

• Religious conflict in Niger and north east Nigeria

Open Ended

Describe the pattern of reasons for migration shown in the figure (2 marks)

Describe the pattern of reasons for migration shown in the figure (2 marks)

• There are more push than pull factors (1)

• Conflict is the biggest cause of migration (1)

Open Ended

Explain why Lagos is experiencing population growth (4 marks)

Explain why Lagos is experiencing population growth (4 marks)

• High population growth in Lagos is caused by a high level of natural increase (1)

• This is due to it its young population having more children and less people dying due to better access to healthcare (2)

• Population growth is also caused by rural to urban migration (1)

• People move from the north east of Nigeria in order escape conflict and earn better wages which can be 4 times higher (2)