lesson 1.3- Cell structure and function

lesson 1.3- Cell structure and function

Leeson Online

Vocabulary

• Eukaryotes: are organisms made up of one or more eukaryotic cells that have membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus.

• Prokaryotes: are organisms made up of a single prokaryotic cell that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.

• All eukaryotic cells have cell membranes; cytoplasm, which includes membrane-bound organelles; and genetic material contained in the nucleus.

• Cell membrane: separates cytoplasm from surrounding material. It protects the cell and regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

• Cytoplasm: the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus that includes fluid and all of the organelles.

Second part of the vocabulary

• Mitochondria: in the presence of oxygen, help the cell convert glucose into a usable form of energy.

• Ribosomes: are the places where proteins are assembled.

•  The Golgi Complex: a network of membranes, works with the ER to process and transport proteins and other molecules.

• The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): is a network of folded membranes, within the cell, in which proteins, lipids, and other materials are made. There are two types of ER. The surface of rough ER is studded with ribosomes, giving it a “rough” appearance. Smooth ER is not covered by ribosomes.

 Plant and Animal Cells

Plant and animal cells have many of the same organelles, but some of their organelles are quite different.

Plant and Animal Cells

Plant cells:

Plant cells have a cell wall outside the cell membrane, which provides protection and support for the cell.

In plants, a central vacuole stores water, waste, and dissolved salts.

Chloroplasts are organelles that convert energy from the sun to chemical energy (photosynthesis).

Animal cells:

Lysosomes, which are more common in animal cells than in plant cells, are small, ball-shaped organelles that help break down nonfunctioning organelles or foreign materials in the cell.

Multiple Choice

What is Eukaryotes?

• are organisms made up of one or more eukaryotic cells that have membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus.

• are organisms made up of a single prokaryotic cell that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.

• -All eukaryotic cells have cell membranes; cytoplasm, which includes membrane-bound organelles; and genetic material contained in the nucleus.

• Despite cell specialization, most eukaryotic cells

Multiple Select

What Plant cell have ?

• the cell membrane

• cell wall

• a central vacuole stores water

• chloroplast

Multiple Select

What Animal Cell have ?

• Lysosomes

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm

• Cytoskeleton