Speech Writing: Part 2

Speech Writing: Part 2

“Speech is power. Speech is to persuade, to convert, to compel. It is to bring another out of their bad sense into your good sense.”

– Ralph Waldo Emerson

Elements of a Great Speech: Continued

Incorporate persuasive tactics such as ethos, pathos, and logos, propaganda techniques, literary devices, etc. A.K.A. The Speech Formula

Open Ended

What do you know about the terms: ethos, pathos, and logos?

Rhetorical Appeals: Ethos, Pathos, Logos

• Rhetoric: the art of persuasion

• Methods of persuading someone in an argument, defined by the Greek philosopher Aristotle.

Ethos

• used to convince the audience of the speaker's credibility or experiences

• Example: A dentist recommends a brand of toothpaste for sensitive teeth.

Pathos

• Convinces the audience by appealing to their emotions or by giving a passionate plea

• Example: If we don't adopt the puppy, he may never find a home. =(

Logos

• Convinces the audience with reason, facts and figures

• Example: People who eat chocolate are 72% happier than those who don't. =)

Multiple Choice

This appeal persuades by using reasoning...

• ethos

• pathos

• logos

Multiple Choice

A prescription drug commercial featuring a doctor uses this appeal...

• ethos

• pathos

• logos

Multiple Choice

A commercial featuring statistics and facts is using this appeal...

• ethos

• pathos

• logos

Multiple Choice

Using emotion to persuade your audience...

• ethos

• pathos

• logos

Multiple Choice

If an ad tugs at your heartstrings, it is an appeal to...

• ethos

• pathos

• logos

Poll

Which type of appeal do you think is most effective in an academic setting?

• ethos

• pathos

• logos

What is propaganda and how is it used in speech writing?

Open Ended

What do you know about the term propaganda? Which propaganda techniques are you familiar with? (Some of you may recall this from 7th grade.)

Propaganda:

is a type of message aimed at influencing the opinions or behavior of people

Common Types of Propaganda:

• Testimonial: uses well-known or credible figures to influence the target audience

• Fear: scares people into taking a desired action

• Bandwagon: creates a sense of isolation in specific people who long to be part of some desirable group

• Plain Folks: seeing seemingly regular people endorse a product or service because they can see it fit into their everyday lives, too.

Common Types of Propaganda: Continued

• Name-Calling: based on putting the other party down

• Glittering Generalities: word/phrase that's used to evoke positive feelings rather than to convey information

• Transfer: projecting positive or negative qualities of a person, object, or value to another in order to make the second more acceptable or to discredit it

• Logical Fallacy: is a reasoning "trick" made up of faulty logic, erroneous assumptions, or irrelevant information meant to distract.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of bandwagon?

• Are you tired of thinking of new gifts to give every time you receive a party invitation?

• Don't be the only person without a unique gift in the next birthday party!

• Eleanor Roosevelt once complained about thinking of unique gifts.

• Other gift shops in this area are full of expensive junk!

Multiple Choice

LeBron James appears on your TV screen promoting the latest flavor of Gatorade. What propaganda technique is being used?

• Plain Folks

• Transfer

• Testimonial

• Fear

Multiple Choice

What propaganda technique is used when one uses negative words to attack their competition?

• Bandwagon

• Logical Fallacy

• Glittering Generalities

• Name-Calling

Multiple Choice

Which propaganda technique tries to change your mind by comparing a wealthy politician to the "average man". Vote for me, I'm just like you!

• Plain Folks

• Fear

• Testimonial

• Transfer

Literary/Poetic Devices Can Be Used as Persuasive Techniques, Too!

Review Poetic/Literary Devices:

• Metaphor: author makes a comparison between two things

• Symbolism: when objects or ideas have deeper meanings

• Repetition: the use of the same words or phrases multiple times 

• Imagery: author paints a picture in the reader’s mind; appeals to the five senses: taste, feel, hear, see, and smell

• Mood: the way the reader feels about the text

• Tone: the author’s attitude in their writing