Earthquakes

Earthquakes

Map earthquakes, model earthquake movement, and reduce earthquake damage

Vocabulary

• fault

• seismologist

Multiple Choice

Do earthquake locations follow a pattern?

• I think earthquake locations follow a pattern. They usually occur near certain land and ocean features.

• I think there is no pattern to earthquake locations. They can happen anywhere in the world.

faults

breaks or cracks where plates come together

seismologist

a science that deals with earthquakes and with artificially produced vibrations of the earth

Multiple Select

Tick the correct statements:

• Earth's plates are made up of huge slabs of solid rock.

• Earth's crust is made up of huge slabs of solid rock.

• Earth's plates can slide slowly past each other.

• Earth's plates can also push together or move under or over each other.

Earthquakes

• Movements in Earth's crust caused by a sudden shift of Earth's plates

• Earth's plate movement puts stress on rock, and earthquakes occur when the crust shakes by the release of the accumulated energy.

Multiple Choice

Earthquakes

• Earthquakes have the same strength and shake at the same speed.

• Earthquakes have the same strength and shake at different speeds.

• Earthquakes have different strengths and shake at the same speed.

• Earthquakes have different strengths and shake at different speeds.

Vocabulary

• amplitude

• magnitude

• seismic wave

• seismograph

• transverse wave

• wavelength

amplitude

a measure that relates to the amount of energy of a wave

magnitude

the amount of energy released by an earthquake

seismic wave

a vibration caused by an earthquake

transverse wave

a wave that vibrates perpendicular to the direction that the energy moves

wavelength

the distance between wave crests or troughs

Multiple Select

Tick the correct statements:

• Only certain waves transfer energy.

• All waves transfer energy.

• Only certain waves transfer energy without permanently moving the material through which they travel.

• All waves transfer energy without permanently moving the material through which they travel.

Answers:

• 1: __________

• 2: __________

• 3: __________

• 4: __________

• 5: __________

• 6: __________

• 7: __________

Answers:

• 1: Wavelength

• 2: compression

• 3: rarefaction

• 4: amplitude

• 5: crest

• 6: wavelength

• 7: trough

Record and measure earthquakes

• Seismograph: mesuring seismic waves

• Richter scale: measuring magnitude (the largest movement)

• Mercalli scale: measuring what people felt and what happened during an earthquake (I to XII)

Mercalli scale

What do you think happens to the amplitude of an earthquake wave when its magnitude increases?

Answer: Increase or decrease

Multiple Choice

_____ move material back and forth.

• Transverse waves

• Longitudinal waves

• Wavelengths

• None of the above

Multiple Choice

Which earthquake releases more energy?

• an earthquake of 6.0

• an earthquake of 7.0

• an earthquake of 5.0

Multiple Select

What can we do to reduce earthquake damage?

• Building only in areas where there has been no record of earthquakes

• Designing buildings that can resist forces from the side

• Connecting beams and columns with diagonal pieces

• Preparing for earthquakes by paying close attention to the weather

• Raising the floor of houses above ground when building near coastlines

Safe Structures

• Reinforced concrete, metal, and wood

• short or tall buildings

• Bridges: motion dampeners, rubber joints

Buildings need to resist LATERAL FORCES in earthquakes

• bracing

• shear wall

• damper

bracing

shear wall

damper

Multiple Choice

____ is made of diagnoal pieces connecting beams and columns. It comes in several shapes.

• A lateral wall

• A damper

• A shear wall

• Bracing