The Rise of Nationalism Manning

The Rise of Nationalism

Open Ended

What does the word Nationalism mean?

NATIONALISM

Strong devotion or loyalty to one's nation

Rise of Nationalism

• Following the War of 1812, the United States went through a period of strong Nationalism

• The Federalist Party died out completely after the election of 1816

• American culture began to emerge

• Instead of being known by their colonies, Americans became known as AMERICAN

Era of Good Feelings

• James Monroe was elected 5th US President during the election of 1816

• He was a part of the Democratic-Republican Party

• Monroe's Presidency is often described as the Era of Good Feelings

Economic Nationalism

• Senator Henry Clay developed a new economic plan called the American System

• Clay encouraged economic growth as the country expanded westward

Revenue Tariff vs. Protective Tariff

A revenue tariff placed a tax on imports for the purpose of raising money for the federal government.

A protective tariff placed a tax on imports to protect the growing American manufactures and encourage domestic spending. (Example: Tariff of 1816)

The Second Bank of the United States

Why create a Second Bank?

• Republicans traditionally opposed the idea of a national bank

• They had blocked the renewal of the First Bank of the United States and refused to offer a replacement

• With no national bank to regulate currency, prices soared during the War of 1812

• Additionally, when the government had to borrow money to pay for the war, it had to pay high interest rates on the loans.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following causes did NOT contribute to Republicans changing their mind about a national bank?

• They believed the federal government deserved more financial power

• Prices soared during the War of 1812 because there was no national bank to regulate currency

• The government had to pay high interest rates on the loans that financed the War of 1812

Functions of the Second Bank

• Provided credit to farmers and businesses

• Issued and redeemed bank notes that served as a national currency

• controlled state banks

Nationalist Diplomacy

Spanish Florida

• Spain still controlled Florida at the beginning of Monroe's presidency

• Formerly enslaved people and many Creek Native Americans from Georgia fled to Florida

• Creek Native Americans who fled to Florida adopted the name Seminoles, meaning "runaway."

• Native Americans and Americans in Georgia would stage raids against each other

Invasion of Florida

• In late 1817, secretary of war, John C. Calhoun, ordered General Andrew Jackson into Florida to stop the Seminole raids

• After destroying several Seminole villages Jackson disobeyed orders and seized the Spanish settlements of St. Marks and Pensacola, removing the Spanish governor of Florida from power

Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819

• Following Jackson's actions in Florida, Spanish officials demanded Jackson be punished

• Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams, defended Jackson by saying that Spain failed to keep order in Florida

• Adams used the incident to pressure Spain in the ongoing border negotiations

• Spain, occupied with issues in its Latin America empire, ceded all of Florida to the United States in the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819

• The Treaty gave Florida to the United States, as well as finalized the western border of the Louisiana Purchase

Open Ended

What happened to Florida as a result of the Adams-Onís Treaty?

The Monroe Doctrine

• The Monroe Doctrine set the stage for foreign policy during the Monroe Administration

• In 1823, President Monroe declared that the American continents were no longer to be considered open for colonization by European powers

Multiple Choice

What did the Monroe Doctrine state on European colonization in the Western Hemisphere?

• European powers could colonize parts of the Western Hemisphere if they paid

• It did not mention European colonization in the Western Hemisphere

• European powers could no longer colonize any part of the Western Hemisphere or it would be seen as a hostile act on the US

• Settled land could not be colonized by European powers