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Endocrine System

By: Leeanellys, Deidre

Pituitary Gland

• The Pituitary gland is a small but mighty structure it's not much bigger than a pea.  

• The Pituitary gland is a small but mighty structure it's not much bigger than a pea.  

• The difference between the two glands are indicated by their names Adeno which means “gland,” and Neuro which means “nervous”.  

• Adenohypophysis has an epithelial structure of an endocrine gland.  Neurohypophysis has the cellular structure of the nervous tissue. 

• Hormones are secreted by the Adenohypophysis gland.   The Pituitary gland lies buried deep in the cranial cavity, in a well-protected location.  

part of the pervious slide.

• It sits securely within the Sella turcica formed by two bony projections at the top of the sphenoid bone.  

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Open Ended

where is the pituitary gland located?

Multiple Choice

how many types of pituitary glands are there?

• 2

• 3

• 8

• 6

Anterior Pituitary gland hormones

• The anterior pituitary gland secretes several major hormones. Each 4 hormones listed as a tropic hormone in table 11-1 stimulates another endocrine gland to grow and secret its hormones. 

• The anterior pituitary is hardly the master of body function it was once thought to be.  

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

• Thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH) name suggest, that it stimulates the thyroid gland to increase the secretion of the thyroid

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Multiple Choice

TRUE OR FALSE The thyroid gland increases secretion in the thyroid gland.

• true

• false

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

• The Adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) it stimulates the adrenal cortex to increase in size and to secrete larger amounts of its hormones. 

Follicle- stimulating  hormone:  

• Follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the primary ovarian follicles in an ovary to start growing and to continue developing to maturity. 

Luteinizing hormone

• Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates follicle and ovum to complete their growth to maturity, it stimulates follicle cells to secrete estrogens, and it causes ovulation. 

• Teinization is the one that earned LH its title of luteinizing hormone 

Growth hormone

• Is an important hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland 

• GH speeds up the movement of digested proteins 

• Hypoglycemia lower than normal blood glucose concentration 

• Hyperglycemia higher than normal blood glucose concentration 

Multiple Choice

Which of these are true about the Growth Hormones?

• Gh speeds up the movement of digested proteins

• growth hormone isnt important

Prolactin

• Anterior pituitary gland secrets prolactin during pregnancy. 

• During pregnancy, prolactin stimulates the breast development necessary for eventual location (milk secretion)  

Posterior pituitary gland hormones

• The posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysus) releases two hormones—antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin.  

• They are both produced in cell bodies that are located in the hypothalamus but released from the ends of axons. 

Antidiuretic hormone

• Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a major regulator of fluid balance in the human body

• accelerates the reabsorption of water from urine in kidney tubules back into the blood

Oxytocin

• The posterior pituitary hormone oxytocin (OT) is secreted at high levels by a woman’s body before and after she has a baby. 

  
  

• Stimulates contraction of the smooth muscle of the pregnant uterus and is believed to imitate and maintain labor. 

• Oxytocin also performs a function important to a newborn baby  

• Oxytocin is also thought to enhance social bonding— a function helpful in supporting the mother- infant bond  

Multiple Choice

TRUE OR FALSE Oxytocin is an important function to a new baby

• False

• True

Hypothalamus

• Produces posterior pituitary hormones

• Actual production of ADH and Oxytocin occurs in the hypothalamus

• After production in the hypothalamus, hormones pass along axons into the pituitary gland

• The secretion and release of posterior pituitary hormones is controlled by nervous stimulation

• Regulates anterior pituitary secretions

• Releasing hormones (RHs) and inhibiting hormones (IHs) control secretion by anterior pituitary

• RHs and IHs reach anterior pituitary through a direct capillary connection

Multiple Select

The hypothalamus produces...

• Anterior pituitary glands

• Posterior pituitary glands

Hypothalamus (Cont.)

• The Hypothalamus controls many body functions related to homeostasis (temperature, appetite, and thirst)

Thyroid Gland

• Located in the neck, just inferior to the larynx

• Tissue made of thyroid follicles filled with colloid

• Thyroid hormones- thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3); produced by follicle cells and stored in colloid of follicles

• Calcitonine (CT)- made by CT cells outside the follicle walls

• Thyroid hormones- accelerate catabolism and energy production

• CT- decreases the blood calcium concentration by inhibiting breakdown of bone which would release calcium into the blood

Open Ended

What is Homeostasis

Open Ended

Where is the thyroid gland located?

Parathyroid Glands

• Small lumps of glandular tissue located on posterior surface of thyroid

• Name of hormone- Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

• Function of hormone- increases blood calcium circulation by increasing the breakdown of bone with the release of calcium into the blood

• PTH and CT have antagonistic effects that help maintain stable blood calcium concentrations needed for good health