Text Structure K

Text Structure K

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Gail Denvers

Devers experienced the highlight of any sprinter’s career, as she stood on the huge platform in the giant stadium and received an Olympic gold medal.

Eighteen months earlier she wasn’t thinking about running. She was hoping that she would be able to walk again.

Just four years earlier, in the summer of 1988, as Devers was training for the Olympic Games, to be held in Seoul, South Korea, she began to feel very tired all the time and failed to make the Olympic finals.

• Cause and effect

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Chronological

4 yrs. Earlier- training for Olympics- tired

18 mo ago- hoping to walk

Now: Won Gold metal in the Olympics

Three Types of Circus Clowns

 Generally, there are three categories of circus clowns—whiteface, august and character. Each has a specific makeup style and costume. Each has a typical act as well.

 The neat whiteface is usually a strict, in-charge character who sets up the punch line for the joke with a partner His facial features are neatly detailed in red or black.

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Circus legend has it that the august clown got his name from a German nickname for someone who is clumsy. The august wears light-colored makeup, but white is used around the mouth and eyes, and there’s a big red nose. This clown performs a great deal of slapstick humor.

Character clowns perform as different personalities—cowboys, scarecrows, grandmothers or symphony conductors.

The most famous character clown, however, is the tramp. Tramps wear different styles of makeup and costumes that are torn or shabby. Some tramp clowns are happy-go-lucky. Others are extremely sad. Still others act like gentlemen who just happen to be out of money.

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Compare and contrast

Whitefaced- strict, features outlined in red and black

August- clumsy, white around eye & mouth, red nose

Tramp- different make=up. shabby clothes

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HOW TO USE THE MICROSCOPE

1. Plug in the lamp.

2. Place a sample of what you wish to observe on a slide.

3. Adjust the mirror so it reflects light from the room up into the objective lens.

4. Place your slide with the specimen directly over the center of the glass circle on the stage.

5. With the LOW POWER objective lens placed over the slide, use the coarse focus knob.

6. Look through the eyepiece with one eye while closing the other eye.

7. Use the fine focus knob to fine

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Sequence

Step by step direction in that order

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Fewer Toads

Though toads are still around, they no longer are as common in some areas as they were a few decades ago. The growing use of insecticides has reduced their numbers. The chemical sprays usually do not harm toads, but cut down the animals’ food supply. Thereby, the toads do not have enough food to survive. There are fewer toads in many areas populated by humans.

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Cause and Effect

•CAUSE:increase insecticides cut down the animals’ food supply. 

EFFECT: There are fewer toads in many areas populated by humans.

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Restoring the Toad

Dr. Knapp doesn’t want people to sit back and let the toad vanish. He believes that everyone is responsible for restoring the toad species. Dr. Knapp thinks we could help restore the toad population if we stop mowing parts of our lawns and let the grass grow wild to reserve space for the toad. He also believes we need to stop using pesticides and fertilizers. The chemicals kill the insects that toads eat. If we preserve some spaces in our lawns and stop using fertilizers, Dr. Knapp believes we can save the toads.

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Problem /Solution

PROBLEM:

toads are vanishing

ßOLUTION •Stop:

• mowing lawns/grow wild

• pesticides and fertilizers