I refer you to....

I refer (you) to....

vocab and structure

Reference

In English grammar, reference is the relationship between a grammatical unit (usually a pronoun) that refers to (or stands in for) another grammatical unit (usually a noun or noun

phrase). The noun or noun phrase that a pronoun refers to is called the antecedent

example 1

"As far as the laws of mathematics refer to reality, they are not certain; and as far as they are certain, they do not refer to reality."(Albert Einstein)

example 1

"As far as the laws of mathematics refer to reality, they are not certain; and as far as they are certain, they do not refer to reality."(Albert Einstein)

example 2

"If a baby does not thrive on raw milk, boil it."

(Department of Health, quoted by John Preston

example 2

"If a baby does not thrive on raw milk, boil it."

(Department of Health, quoted by John Preston

example 3

"The school board had to decide whether to spend $186,000 to sponsor permanent residency for the foreign teachers or let them go back to the Philippines and start the search all over again. "They decided to do it, but not without debate."

("Creative Way to Find Teachers." Savannah Morning News, Oct. 17, 2011)

example 3

"The school board had to decide whether to spend $186,000 to sponsor permanent residency for the foreign teachers or let them go back to the Philippines and start the search all over again. "They decided to do it, but not without debate."

("Creative Way to Find Teachers." Savannah Morning News, Oct. 17, 2011)

So

"In grammatical analysis, the term reference is often used to state a relationship of identity which exists between grammatical units, e.g. a pronoun 'refers' to a noun or noun phrase. 

PS > what is the reference word in this sentence ? And where does it refer to ?

Multiple Choice

Where does the red word refer to ?

Our car, whose chassis was badly damaged in the accident must be considered as write-off.

• the car

• the chassis

• the accident

• the fact that it is a write-off

Multiple Choice

Where does the red word refer to ?

He says he doesn't know her, which I don't believe.

• to him

• to her

• to the fact that he doesn't believe it

• to the fact that he says that he doesn't know her

Multiple Choice

Where does the red word refer to ?

There was bad weather at the day that his daughter was born. They could not reach the hospital.

He wasn't able to forget it, for it had great impact.

• the weather condition of that day.

• the day his daughter was born

• the impact

• the fact that his daughter was born

Multiple Choice

Where does the red word refer to ?

In the large company there were always financial issues. They were on the edge of being bankrupt. They had a minimum of ten computers that had to be replaced every month, and no financial space left. So gradually it went downwards, and they decided to close down.

• the company's future

• the financial situation

• the computers

• the people in the company

Relative pronouns

When do we use the relative pronouns who, which, whose and that?

who → when we talk about people

which → when we talk about things

whose → instead of his/her or their

We also use that for who/which.

Open Ended

Translate the following sentence (using a relative pronoun)

Is dat alles wat u te zeggen heeft ?

Open Ended

Translate the following sentence (using a relative pronoun)

Is dit de krant waar je naar zocht ?

Open Ended

Translate the following sentence (using a relative pronoun)

De afstandbediening die weg was, werd gelukkig gevonden.

Open Ended

Translate the following sentence (using a relative pronoun)

Spaghetti, wat we in ieder geval twee keer per week eten, is ons favoriete

Blue book page 63

listening

Practice yourself

fill in Who, whose or which

Blue book page 63

listening