ANAT2 Exam 2 Review

ANAT2

Exam 2 Review

Multiple Choice

What is the prime mover/antagonist pair for hip flexion?

• iliopsoas/ semimembranosus

• iliopsoas/

  gluteus maximus

• rectus femoris/ semimembranosus

• sartorius/

  gluteus maximus

HIP Prime Movers

• Flexion: iliopsoas

• Extension: gluteus maximus

• Abduction: gluteus medius/minimus

• Adduction: adductor magnus

• Medial/Internal Rotation: gluteus medius/minimus

• Lateral/External Rotation: piriformins, gemelli, obturators

KNEE/ANKLE Prime Movers

• Knee Flexion: quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, intermedius, + medialis)

• Knee Extension: hamstrings (semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris)

• 
  

• Ankle Dorsiflexion: tibialis anterior

• Ankle Plantarflexion: triceps surae (gastrocnemius + soleus)

• Ankle Inversion: tibialis posterior + anterior

• Ankle Eversion: fibularis longus

Multiple Select

Which muscles insert into the iliotibial band? [can select multiple]

• gluteus medius

• vastus lateralis

• tensor fascia latae

• gluteus maximus

• sartorius

IT band

Gluteus medius and vastus lateralis are deep to the IT band.

IT band originates from the lateral edge of the iliac crest just superior to ASIS and inserts on the lateral epicondyle of the femur.

Multiple Choice

Which of these ligaments is most important for hip stability?

• round ligament

• pubofemoral ligament

• iliofemoral ligament

• ischiofemoral ligament

Open Ended

Why does intracapsular fracture of the head of femur almost always require replacement in patients over 60?

Blood Supply to Head of Femur

The "artery to the head of femur" is a branch of the obturator a. and reaches the head of the femur through the round ligament/ligament to head of femur. This artery is obliterate by the age of 60 in most patients.

The other supply of blood to the head of the femur are the retinacular arteries which reach the head through the joint capsule.

If there is an intracapsular fracture in a patient over 60, they lose both sources of blood to the head of the femur [artery to head of femur is obliterated AND the connection to the retinacular aa. is severed] which will cause necrosis of the head of the femur.

Multiple Choice

All of the following veins drain directly into the femoral vein except...

• popliteal v.

• great saphenous v.

• small saphenous v.

• all of the above drain into the femoral v.

Superficial Veins of Lower Leg

Great saphenous v:

- receives blood from medial and dorsal foot

- drains into femoral v.

(femoral triangle)

Small saphenous v:

- receives blood from lateral and plantar foot

- drains into popliteal v.

(popliteal fossa)

Open Ended

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

Femoral Triangle contains:

femoral n. + femoral sheath

• 
  

• femoral sheath contains (lateral to medial):
  

• femoral a., femoral v, femoral canal
  

• femoral canal contains: 

• lymph vessels and accessory obturator a.

Multiple Select

A soccer player takes a slide tackle to the left shin from his front-left side... which ligaments of the knee are most likely to be injured? [can select multiple]

• ACL

• PCL

• LCL

• MCL

Intra vs. Extracapsular Ligaments

• Intra = 2 ligaments [ACL, PCL], 2 meniscii [medial and lateral]

• Extra = 5 ligaments [patellar, LCL, MCL, arcuate popliteal, oblique popliteal]

Posterior Drawer Test

push tibia posteriorly

+ = PCL tear

Anterior Drawer Test

pull tibia anteriorly

+ = ACL tear

Multiple Choice

All of the following are true about pes anserine except....

• located on lateral aspect of tibia

• serves as attachment for muscles from every thigh compartment

• serves to provide medial knee stabilization

• has a bursa associated with it

"SarGenT Goose Foot"

Sartorius [anterior compartment]

Gracilis [medial compartment]

semiTendinosus [posterior compartment]

Multiple Choice

The ovarian artery reaches the ovary via the _______ ligament.

• uterine

• broad

• ovarian

• suspensory

ovarian artery vs. ovarian branch of uterine artery

ovarian artery (from aorta, "gonadal a")

"bridge over water" - ovarian artery crosses OVER ureter.

reaches ovary in suspensory ligament.

ovarian branch of uterine artery (from internal iliac)

reaches ovary in ovarian ligament.

Open Ended

Where would you find the dorsalis pedis pulse?

Multiple Choice

All of the following are branches of the posterior division of internal iliac except...

• iliolumbar a.

• superior gluteal a.

• inferior gluteal a.

• lateral sacral a.

Branches of Internal Iliac

POST

I = iliofemoral

Love Sniffing = lateral sacral

SuperGlue = superior gluteal

ANT

Outside = obturator

In = internal pudendal

My = middle rectal

Very = superior vesicular & inferior vesicular [male]

Glittery = inferior gluteal

Underwear = umbilical (obliterated) & uterine [female]

Multiple Choice

ALL of the muscles of the lower leg are supplied by which nerve?

• femoral n.

• sciatic n.

• tibial n.

• common fibular n.

Multiple Select

What are the actions of the talocrural joint?

• plantarflexion

• dorsiflexion

• inversion

• eversion

• extension

"true ankle joint" = talocrural = joint between talus and distal tibiofibular syndesmosis - allows for dorsi/plantarflexion

"subtalar joint" = talocalcaneal = joint between talus and calcaneous - allows for in/eversion

Anterior = femoral

Medial = obturator

Posterior = tibial division of sciatic (except...)

Multiple Choice

Which does not provide structural support for the uterus?

• round ligament of uterus

• transverse cervical ligament/cardinal ligament

• uterosacral ligament

• uterine ligament

• urogenital diaphragm

Multiple Choice

A patient has slight weakness in ability to flex the R knee, R foot drop, and inability to evert the R foot. Which nerve is most likely injured?

• common fibular

• tibial

• deep fibular

• sciatic

Common fibular n.

common fibular n. innervates short head biceps femoris (knee flexion) AND gives both the superficial fibular n. (eversion) and deep fibular n. (dorsiflexion) branches.

Open Ended

The tendons of flexor hallicus longus and flexor digitorum longus lie between the __________ layers of the sole of the foot.

Multiple Choice

In males, in which part of the urethra is the external urinary sphincter located?

• preprostatic

• prostatic

• membranous

• spongy