Viruses, Antibiotics, and Vaccines

Viruses, Antibiotics, and Vaccines

Instructions

As you go through this lesson you are tasked with making a "cheat sheet" for you to use on your Virus and Bacteria Test.

You are only allowed a HALF PAGE of notes on the cheat sheet. Maximize your space with important information. If you want to draw the diagrams you can also do that. When you are done you are to take a picture of your cheat sheet and turn it in to the Cheat Sheet Assignment which will be a google document assignment

Viruses

Viral Structure

Viral Structure

Viruses are very simple things. They are made out of the following things.

1) Genetic Material (DNA or RNA)

2) A protein shell called a Capsid

3) Surface Markers(Glycoproteins, Surface Proteins)

4) Viral envelope (Not all viruses have this)

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT apart of a virus?

• Genetic material (DNA or RNA)

• Capsid

• Cell

• Surface Markers

• Viral envelope(some)

Viral Structure - Genetic Material

The genetic material is enclosed in the protein shell called a capsid. It can be DNA or RNA.

Viral Structure - Capsid

The capsid protects the genetic material and is made out of protein.

Viral Structure - Surface Markers

Viruses have surface markers also known as glycoproteins and surface proteins. They are used by viruses to attach to a host cell. This is important because viruses need a host cell to reproduce.

Viral Structure - Viral Envelope

Some viruses have an extra layer of protection called a viral envelope. It is acquired from the host cells cell membrane.

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule makes up the genetic material of viruses?

• Lipid

• Protein

• Nucleic Acid

• Carbohydrate

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule makes up the shell of a virus that contains the genetic material?

• Lipid

• Protein

• Nucleic Acid

• Carbohydrate

Multiple Choice

What do viruses have on the outside that allow them to attach to a host cell?

• Nucleosomes

• Spindle Fibers

• Glycoproteins(Surface Markers)

• Envelope

Are Viruses alive?

We do NOT consider viruses to be alive. There are many reasons why but the following two reasons need to be focused on:

1) Viruses are not alive because they are NOT made out of cells.

2) Viruses are not alive because they CAN'T reproduce on their own.(They require a host cell)

Multiple Choice

Are viruses alive?

• Yes

• No

Viral Reproduction - Lytic vs Lysogenic

There is 2 types of reproductive cycles for viruses: Lytic and Lysogenic.

Lytic - This is a short cycle where you see fairly quick onset of symptoms.(2-14 days)

Lysogenic - This is a longer cycle which can be dormant for a long period of time. (15 days to indefinitely)

Viral Reproduction - Lytic vs Lysogenic

Lytic cycle = Shorter word means shorter cycle

Lysogenic cycle = Longer word means longer cycle

Multiple Choice

Which viral reproductive cycle has quick onset of symptoms?

• Lytic Cycle

• Lysogenic Cycle

Antibiotics vs Vaccines

Any object that can cause disease is called a pathogen. Common forms of pathogens are viruses and bacteria.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics are used to kill bacterial cells. Since viruses are not made out of cells that means that antibiotics CAN'T kill viruses.

Multiple Choice

What do antibiotics kill?

• Bacteria

• Viruses

• Fungi

Vaccines

Vaccines work by injecting a weakened or inactive form of a pathogen such as a virus into a person. This initiates an immune response which means your body will produce antibodies to help fight off the infection. This makes you immune to this disease.

Multiple Choice

What can help prevent a viral infection?

• Antibiotics

• Vaccines

• Tylenol

• Advil