Czasowniki modalne.

Czasowniki modalne.

Must, mustn't, have to, can, be able to

Have to - musieć; obowiązek, obliguje nas do pewnych działań prawo, nakaz, konieczność.

I have to learn Spanish

You have to learn Spanish

He/She/It has to learn...

We/you/they have to learn...

I/you/we/they don't have to

He/She/It doesn't have to

Pytania:

Do I/you/we/they have to learn Spanish?

Does he/she/it have to learn Spanish?

Have to w czasie przeszłym to had to.

W czasie przyszłym; will have to.

Have to:

• I have to come back home before midnight.

• She has to go and buy some bread.

• They had to do their homework yesterday.

• They will have to go to school tomorrow.

MUST- musieć ( wewnętrzna potrzeba, czujemy, ze musimy coś zrobić)

I/you/he/she/it/we/they must go now.

Must you go now?

Must she go now?

Where must you go?

MUSTN'T - NIE WOLNO (ZAKAZ)

(nie jest to przeczenie od must)

• You mustn't park here. Nie wolno ci tu parkować.

• You mustn't smoke here. Nie wolno ci tutaj palić.

• I don't have to phone Alice. Nie muszę dzwonić do Alice.

• She doesn't have to go to school. Ona nie musi iść do szkoły.

Multiple Choice

I.......go to bed. It's late.

• mustn't

• must

• don't have to

Multiple Choice

You.....talk. Be quiet!

• mustn't

• have to

• must

Multiple Choice

You.....eat vegetables.

• must

• mustn't

Multiple Choice

You.......pollute the water.

• mustn't

• must

• have to

• don't have to

Multiple Choice

I can stay in bed in the morning because I .......work.

• must

• have to

• mustn't

• don't have to

Multiple Choice

You....forget what I told you! It's very important.

• don't have to

• mustn't

• must

• have to

Can/Could/be able to

Can

• Służy do wyrażania:

• Umiejętności : I can swim.

• Możliwości: I can't go with you, I'm very busy.

• Próśb, pytań o pozwolenie: Can you help me? Can I borrow your car?

• Forma przecząca od can to can't.

• I can't open this window.

Could

• Wyraża umiejętność w przeszłości:

• I could read when I was only 3.

• She couldn't dance.

• Wyraża możliwość w przeszłości:

• I couldn't find the way back home. I was lost.

• Uprzejme prośby, pytania o pozwolenie:

• Could I speak to Helen? Could you open the window, please?

to be able to ( być w stanie, móc)

• Może być stosowana w czasie teraźniejszym, przyszłym i przeszłym. Zastępuje czasownik can. I can swim = I'm able to swim.

• My friends are able to speak five languages. Are my friends able to speak five languages?

• My parents will be able to sell their house for a good price. (Moi rodzice będą w stanie sprzedać swój dom za dobrą cenę)

• I won't be able to help you (nie będę w stanie ci pomóc)

• I was able to repair this car.

• She was able to dance very well when she was a student.

• Was she able to dance when she was a student?

Multiple Choice

I was sick yesterday. I .....eat anything.

• can't

• couldn't

Multiple Choice

Can you speak louder? I ......hear you.

• can't

• couldn't

Multiple Choice

-You look tired.

- Yes, I..... sleep last night.

• can't

• wasn't able to

Multiple Choice

I'm afraid I.........attend the meeting. I'm in Japan right now.

• can

• won't be able to

• will be able to

Multiple Choice

I have never ........dance well, but I'd love to learn.

• could

• can

• been able to

Multiple Choice

She is much better after her operation. She will........to walk in a few months.

• can

• be able

• could

May/Might

• Wyrażają możliwość (słabszą w przypadku might)

• He might still be in this room.On może być ciągle jeszcze w tym pokoju.(aczkolwiek istnieje małe prawdopodobieństwo, że nadal tam jest)

  It may be false. It might be false.

• Forma przecząca: may not/might not

• It might not rain today.

• May - prośba o pozwolenie: May I borrow your bike? (bardziej uprzejme niż can; Can I borrow your bike?)