Industrialization and Westward Expansion Review

Industrialization and Westward Expansion Review

Effects of the War of 1812

• •America earned respect around the world for defending themselves from Britain

• •Americans became very patriotic, or proud of their country

• •Americans built more factories, increasing manufacturing, to make items they could not trade for during the War of 1812

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following events served as a catalyst for the Industrial Revolution?

• Panic of 1837

• War of 1812

• The American System

• Monroe Doctrine

Industrial Revolution

• •The Industrial Revolution was a time in which machines were invented to better manufacture products like cloth that were previously made by people

  •The Industrial revolution began in New England because the rocky soil was not good for farming and there were plenty of rivers to power the machines 

Multiple Choice

1. Which reason best explains why the North developed an economy based on manufacturing, while the South focused more on agriculture?

• Physical geography supported different economies.

• Northern plantations could not grow cotton.

• Slavery was a necessity in both regions of the U.S.

• Southerners lacked available land to build factories.

Cotton Gin

• •Machine invented by Eli Whitney that would quickly take seeds out of cotton fiber

  •Resulted in more cotton farms

  •Provided cotton for textile mills in the north

Multiple Choice

1. How did the cotton gin impact slavery?

• There was an increase in the amount of cotton grown, therefore slaves moved North in order to work in textile factories.

• Cotton was cleaned more efficiently, therefore slave owners needed fewer slaves working on plantations.

• Cotton was cleaned more efficiently, therefore slave owners needed fewer slaves working on plantations.

• Cotton was cleaned more efficiently, therefore creating an increased need for slaves to plant and pick cotton.

Interchangeable Parts

• •Making identical parts that can be put together to make a product

  •Led to mass production of products which dropped prices

  Started by Eli Whitney

Multiple Choice

How did interchangeable parts lead to manufactured goods being widely available?

• The price of manufactured goods rises.

• The number of markets decreases.

• Transportation problems limit access to markets.

• The mass production of consumer goods becomes more efficient.

Free Enterprise

• •In America, we have free enterprise, which means we are allowed to buy, sell, and make whatever we want.

  •America is also called a capitalist society, because we can use our capital (money) to make even more money

Multiple Choice

Being able to buy and sell whatever you want is called

• Free enterprise

• Mercantilism

• American System

• capitalist society

Factory Men

• •Samuel Slater illegally memorized the design of a machine that spun cotton thread and came to the U.S. from Britain

  •Francis Cabot Lowell built textile mills in Massachusetts using the factory system

  •Young women were often hired to work in textile mills

Multiple Choice

How did the Industrial Revolution affect women’s roles in society?

• Women gained the right to vote.

• Women left the home to work in factories.

• Women sought positions in political office.

• Women created unions to support workers.

Canals

• •In the early 1800s, it was easier and cheaper to move people and goods by water than by land

  •The Erie Canal is a man made river that connects Lake Erie to New York City

  •As a result, New York City became one of America’s largest cities

Multiple Choice

How did the creation of the Erie Canal impact the development of the United States?

• It encouraged needed improvements in water transportation.

• It limited the amount of goods able to be transported between markets.

• It increased the amount of manufacturing centers in the south.

• It connected western markets to northeastern manufacturing centers.

Other Advancements

• •In 1807, Robert Fulton invented the steamboat that was powered by a steam engine

  •The steamboat, along with canals, a National Road, and railroads, made moving goods faster which resulted in decreased prices

  •The telegraph also allowed for rapid communication

Multiple Choice

How did the steamboat contribute to the growth of the U.S. economy?

• Increase in immigrant workers in factory systems

• Helped transport slaves west to farm cotton on the plains

• Transported laborers west to build railroads

• Prices of fares and cost to transport goods decreased

Multiple Choice

The invention of the telegraph led to –

• a decrease in the overall cost of goods to markets.

• the expansion of rapid communication to long distances.

• a dramatic increase in people living in rural areas.

• streamlined mass production of goods.

Urbanization

• •People began moving to cities to work during the Industrial Revolution

  •Urbanization refers to the growing population of cities where factories were built

Multiple Choice

What economic factor brought about rapid urbanization?

• Free land grants

• Opportunity for jobs

• Abundance of natural resources

• Decreased tariffs

Multiple Choice

Some immigrants were pushed from their homelands, while others were attracted to come to the United States. They served as a cheap labor force in new, developing businesses and their presence caused a dramatic rise in city populations.

The excerpt above best identifies factors that brought about rapid –

• urbanization and industrialization.

• free enterprise and nativism.

• mercantilism and slavery.

• innovation and mechanization.

Multiple Choice

· Pollution

· Overcrowding

· Spread of disease

· Unsanitary conditions

The consequences listed above are a direct result of

• new transportation system

• nativism

• free enterprise

• rapid urbanization

Immigration

• •In 1845, there was a potato famine in Ireland

  •Thousands of Irish immigrants came to America to work in factories in the North

  •A wave of German immigrants came to America to escape political turmoil in their homeland

Multiple Choice

Which push factor caused a surge of Irish immigration to the United States during the 1840s?

• Political unrest

• Famine

• Scarcity of land

• Religious persecution