Structure_4

Structure_4

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Appositives:

+An appositive is a noun that comes before or after another noun and has the same meaning.

+Generally set off from the noun with commas.

+If a word is an appositive, it is not the subject.

• My father, a banker, earns a lot of money every year.

Tom _(S), a really good mechanic, _(APP) is fixing _(V) the car.

A really good mechanic, _(APP) Tom _(S), is fixing _(V) the car.

Object of prepositions:

+If a word is an object of a preposition, it is not the subject.

• After his exams Tom will take a trip by a boat.

• On January 1st, the new year will begin.

• The two men are in a hurry.

Multiple Choice

Identify the preposition in the following sentence:

The attendant probably stayed near the fire and kept it going.

• near

• the

• and

• kept

Multiple Choice

Identify the preposition in the following sentence:

All fires that the tribe needed probably were started by these coals.

• all

• the

• by

• were

Multiple Choice

Identify the object of the preposition in the following sentence:

Humans first learned how to make their own fire during the Stone Age.

• Stone Age

• Humans

• fire

• how

Parallel structure

• Parallel structure means expressing ideas of equal importance with the same grammatical structures.

  
  

• Parallel structure in a series

• Use parallel structure with coordinate conjunctions

• Use parallel structure with paired conjunctions

Items in a series must have parallel structure.

Parallelism looks like this :

They, 🍎,🍎, and 🍎

not like this:

They,🍎,🍎, and 🍟

Items in a series must have parallel structure.

Jika komponen pertama adalah Noun, maka bentuk selanjutnya juga harus dalam bentuk noun

jika komponen pertamanya verb in past tense, selanjutnya juga harus dalam bentuk yang sama.

👎Darwin ate the pizza, wiped his lips, and burping with contentment.

👍Darwin ate the pizza, wiped his lips, and burped with contentment.

Multiple Choice

choose the sentence that has no errors in structure.

• A.Barking dogs, kittens that were meowing, and squawking parakeets greet the pet shop visitors.

• B.Barking dogs, meowing kittens, and squawking parakeets greet the pet shop visitors.

• C.Dogs that bark, kittens that meow, and parakeets squawking greet the pet shop visitors.

Multiple Choice

choose the sentence that has no errors in structure.

• A.Alex looked everywhere for his math book—under the bed, on his desk, and he searched inside the refrigerator.

• B.Alex looked everywhere for his math book—viewing under the bed, searching on his desk, and inside the refrigerator.

• C.Alex looked everywhere for his math book—under the bed, on his desk, and inside the refrigerator.

Multiple Choice

Karen wished Ray chewed with his mouth closed, for otherwise he was everything she wanted in a date; he was tall, intelligent, and __________.

• A.he looked good

• B.being good looking

• C.one handsome man to look at

• D.handsome

Use parallel structure with coordinate conjunctions:

The job of the coordinate conjunctions:

and, but, or = to join together equal expressions.

• Example of two nouns joined by a coordinate conjunction:

  She is not a teacher but a lawyer.

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• Example of two verbs joined by a coordinate conjunction:

  You can stay home or go to the movies with us.

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• Example of two adjectives joined by a coordinate conjunction:

  My boss is sincere and nice.

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Use parallel structure with paired conjunctions

both... and, either.. . or, neither.. . nor, and not only ... but also require parallel structures.

• He is not only intelligent but also creative 

• The tickets are neither in my pocket nor in my purse.

• I know both where you went and what you did.

👎I want both this book or that one.

👎Either Sam nor Sue is taking the course.

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👍I want both this book and that one.

👍Either Sam or Sue is taking the course.

Parallel Structure with Comparisons

More...than

-er...than

less..,than

as...as

the same...as

similar..to

When you make a comparison, you point out the similarities or differences between two things, and those similarities or differences must be in parallel form

You can recognize a comparison showing how two things are different from the -er... than or the more ... than.

• My school is farther than your school.

• To be rich is better than to be poor.

• What is written is more easily understood than what is spoken.

A comparison showing how two things are the same might contain:

as ... as, the same... as, similar...to.

• Their car is as big as a small house.

• Renting those apartments costs about the same as leasing them.

• The work that I did is similar to the work that you did.

Multiple Choice

She was both surprised by ___ pleased with the seminar.

• and

• or

• nor

Multiple Choice

What you do has more effect than what you say.

• correct sentence.

• incorrect sentence.