Digestive System

Digestive System

Digestion

• Purpose: reduce feed particles to molecules that can be absorbed into the blood

  
  

• Mechanical breakdown of food

  –chewing

• Chemical breakdown of food

  –HCl in the stomach

  –enzymes

• Contractions of digestive tract

Types of Animal Digestive Systems

• Monogastrics or non-ruminants

• Ruminants

Monogastric Animals

• Monogastric – one or simple stomach structure

• Mostly carnivores and omnivores

• Very simple: Humans, Pigs and dogs

• Modified Monogastrics (Have Cecums): horse, rabbit or rat

Ruminant Animals

• Ruminant - 4 compartment stomach with the compartments before the “true” stomach

• Herbivores: cattle, sheep, goats

Multiple Choice

An animal that has one stomach is...

• Modified Ruminant

• Ruminant

• Monogastric

Multiple Choice

An example of a a monogastric is...

• Cow

• Pig

• Sheep

• Goat

Multiple Select

What is an example of a ruminant

• Pig

• Human

• Cow

• Sheep

Multiple Choice

An animal that has a 4 stomach system is an....

• Monogastric

• Ruminant

• Modified Ruminant

Multiple Choice

Ruminants are

• Carnivores

• Omnivores

• Herbivores

Multiple Choice

Monogastrics are

• Herbivores

• Omnivores

• Carnivores

The Parts of the Digestive System

• Prehension

  Bringing the food to the mouth

  Upper limbs, head, beak, claws, mouth, teeth and lips

• Mastication or chewing

  To crush the food, increase surface area and allow enzymes to act on molecules

  Carnivores need only to reduce the size of the particle

  Herbivores must chew continuously (40-50,000 times a day

Monogastric Digestive System

• Basic anatomy

  mouth

  stomach

  small intestine

  large intestine or colon

Monogastric Digestive System

• Feed passes from the mouth to the stomach through the esophagus

• To reduce the size of the feed particles

  From the stomach it passes through the

• Duodenum (first part of the small intestine)

  Bile and pancreatic secretions enter here

• Jejunum (second part of the small intestine) ------------------Absorption of nutrients

• Ileum (third part of the small intestine)

  To split food molecules and absorb nutrient

Ruminant Digestive System

• Mouth

• Esophagus

• Rumen 

• Reticulum

• Omasum

• Abomasum

• Small intestine ---> Large Intestine

Rumen

• First chamber in the ruminant

• Also the biggest

• Used for Storage and Fermentation

• The Rumen is lined with Papillae which helps increase surface area

Reticulum

• Second Chamber food enters

• Stomach lined with Honeycomb Tissue

• Purpose is to transition feed from larger pieces to smaller pieces. If a feed is to large in the reticulum contracts sending it back to the rumen.

Omasum

• The third chamber of the stomach

• Shaped like a ball- Lined with long leaves of tissue

• Primary Purpose is to reabsorb water

• When butchered this is known as Tripe

Abomasum

• The Fourth Chamber

• Also known as the "True" Stomach

• Similar to a human stomach

• It uses stomach acid to break down food even further.

Small Intestine

• Where all the major nutrient absorption happens

• Filled with small projections called Villi

• Nutrients pass through the villi into the blood and nymph

Large Intestine

• Last Key Stop in the Digestive System

• Used to absorb remaining water

• Home to a small number of microbes to draw out remaining nutrients

Cecum

• Approximately 3 feet long

• The main purpose is a lot like a sack

• It slows the rate of passage to give microorganisms like bacteria a chance to break down fibre

Multiple Choice

The Villi are.....

• Small Projections that absorb all vitamins into the body.

• Small Projections that absorb nutrients into the body

• Large Projections that absorb water

• I don't care

Multiple Choice

When butchered this stomach can be referred to as tripe

• Omasum

• Abomasum

• Reticulum

• Rumen